Criminal Investigations 9th Ed - Ch 7 - Identifying and Arresting Suspects

Question 1

Field ______ or show-up _______ is the _________ of a suspect by a victim or witness of a crime at the crime scene. The show-up must be close in time to the incident.

Answer 1

identification

Question 2

• Suspects can be identified using

Answer 2

o Field or show up identification
o Mug shots
o Photographic identification or lineups

Question 3

The severity of the crime, whether the suspect posed an immediate threat to officers or others and whether the circumstances were tense, uncertain and rapidly evolving are all factors that the courts use to evaluate alleged cases of ______ ______.

Answer 3

excessive force

Question 4

___________, undercover assignments and raids are used only when normal methods of continuing the investigation fail to produce results.

Answer 4

Surveillance

Question 5

The objective of __________ is to obtain information about people, their associates, and their activities that may help to solve a criminal case or to protect a witness

Answer 5

surveillance

Question 6

Undercover agents should write no notes that the subject can read and ensure that communication with headquarters is ______.

Answer 6

covert

Question 7

• SWAT stands for “_____ _______ ___ _______”

Answer 7

Special Weapons and Tactics

Question 8

Police officers may make arrests for any ______ committed in their presence

Answer 8

crime

Question 9

_______ factors should be considered when deciding whether to investigate a crime.

Answer 9

Solvability

Question 10

United States v. ________ (1973) established that a suspect does not have the right to have an attorney present at a field identification

Answer 10

Ash, Jr

Question 11

The amount of time it takes to identify a ______ is directly correlated to the length of time it takes to solve a crime

Answer 11

suspect

Question 12

________ is becoming more popular for drafting computer-generated composites

Answer 12

Visited

Question 13

_______ _______ is defined as the use of discretionary authority by law enforcement officers in encounters with minority motorist, typically within the context of a traffic stop, that result in disparate treatment of minorities.

Answer 13

Racial Profiling

Question 14

Officers should tell witnesses viewing photographic lineups that the_______ may NOT be in the photographs

Answer 14

Suspect

Question 15

Investigators should avoid having the same person make both a _________ and a lineup identification

Answer 15

photographic

Question 16

The objective of an _______ assignment may be to gain a person’s confidence or to infiltrate an organization or group by using an assumed identity and to thereby obtain information or evidence connecting the subject with criminal activity.

Answer 16

undercover

Question 17

Suspects may refuse to participate in a ______, but such refusal can be used against them in court

Answer 17

lineup

Question 18

Factors crucial to resolving criminal investigations are called _______ factors.

Answer 18

solvability

Question 19

_________ profiling is attempting to identify an individual’s mental, emotional, and psychological characteristics

Answer 19

Psychological

Question 20

________ profiling is most often used in crimes against people in which a motive is unknown.

Answer 20

Psychological

Question 21

IBIS

Answer 21

• Integrated Biometric Identification System (IBIS)

Question 22

______ v. United States (1996) dealt with pretext traffic stops

Answer 22

Whren

Question 23

United States v. ______(1992) held that race, when coupled with other factors (trends, intelligence reports, etc) , can be a factor in the decision to approach someone.

Answer 23

Weaver

Question 24

___________ is defined as the cover, discreet observation of people or places

Answer 24

Surveillance

Question 25

The _________ is the plainclothes investigator who make the observation.

Answer 25

surveillant

Question 26

The ________ is whom or what is observed. It can be a person, place, property, vehicle, group of people, organization or object.

Answer 26

subject

Question 27

• There are two different types of surveillance

Answer 27

o Stationary Surveillance

o Moving Surveillance

Question 28

_________ surveillance (fixed surveillance / plant / stakeout) is used when you know or suspect that a person is at or will come to a known location.

Answer 28

Stationary

Question 29

_______ surveillance is the practice of avoiding surveillance or, at the very least, of making surveillance difficult.

Answer 29

Counter

Question 30

In Florida v._____ (1989) the courts held that “there should be no reasonable expectation of privacy from the skies above” referring to aerial surveillance

Answer 30

Riley

Question 31

____ analysis is the new DNA for law enforcement. It is the next generation of investigation

Answer 31

Video

Question 32

Electronic surveillance and wiretapping are considered forms of search and are therefore permitted only with probable cause and a court order (______ v. United States – 1967)

Answer 32

Katz

Question 33

__________ has been defined as “the conception and planning of an offense by an officer, and his procurement of its commission by one who would not have perpetrated it except for the trickery, persuasion or fraud of the officer.” (Sorrells v United States – 1932)

Answer 33

Entrapment

Question 34

o “The fact that government agents merely afford opportunities or facilities for the commission of the offense does not constitute ________”

Answer 34

entrapment

Question 35

____ was born on August 1, 1966 in Austin, Texas during the UT Tower shooting

Answer 35

SWAT

Question 36

The _______ provision states that an arrest may only be made in the daytime if it’s by warrant, unless a magistrate has endorsed the warrant with a written statement that the arrest may be made at night.

Answer 36

nightcap

Question 37

A __ ______ arrest is the functional equivalent of an arrest

Answer 37

de facto

Question 38

_______ is any non-negotiable use of police authority to influence citizen behavior

Answer 38

Force

Question 39

_______ _________ is the amount of force a prudent person would use in a similar circumstances

Answer 39

Reasonable Force

Question 40

___________ force means more than ordinary force

Answer 40

excessive

Question 41

The landmark case on use of force is Graham v Connor (1989)

Answer 41

The reasonableness of a particular use of force must be judges from the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene, rather than with the 20/20 vision of hindsight – Graham v. Connor

Question 42

Less lethal weapons does not imply NEVER lethal, their intent, however, is to avoid the use of _______ ______

Answer 42

deadly force

Question 43

______ __ ______ is a phenomenon in which someone intentionally acts so threatening towards officers as to force them to fire, accomplishing the goal of dying, albeit not by his own hand

Answer 43

Suicide by police (suicide by cop)