Criminal Investigations 9th Ed - Ch 6 - Obtaining Information & Intelligence Flashcards

1
Q

A person who is lying will tell the story….

A

exactly the same way each time.

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2
Q

The ultimate goal of ______ and ______ is to determine the truth; that is, to identify those responsible for a crime and to eliminate the innocent from suspicion.

A

interviewing and interrogating

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3
Q

The two most important basic requirements for obtaining information are to….

A

listen and observe.

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4
Q

• An example of a “_____ ______” would be: “Did you assault George Smith at 5th and Main Street last night?”

A

direct question

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5
Q

• Most people who are reluctant to be questioned respond to one of two approaches: (1) ______, or (2) ________

A

(1) Logical

(2) Emotional

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6
Q

• A ________ best describes a person who requests that some action be taken by the police.

A

complainant

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7
Q

• A _______ records several measurements on a visible graph.

A

polygraph

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8
Q

• An example of a “_____ _____” would be: “When did you and your wife leave the restaurant?”

A

direct question

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9
Q

______ barriers to communication include ingrained attitudes, prejudices, fear, anger, and self-preservation.

A

Emotional

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10
Q

The interviewer should watch his or her _____ ______ and tone of voice.

A

body language

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11
Q

If time permits, investigators need to plan carefully for _______ .

A

interviews

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12
Q

• There are three critical dimensions of an interview:

A

o Environment
o Interviewer’s Behavior
o The questions asked

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13
Q

Officers MAY or MAY NOT use deception during interviews.

A

MAY

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14
Q

____ and _____ recording are becoming more popular.

A

Audio and Video

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15
Q

Avoid asking “__” or “__” simple questions.

A

Yes or No

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16
Q

Interviewers should ask

A

Direct Questions

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17
Q

• A ______ is a person injured by a crime.

A

Victim

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18
Q

A _________ is a person who requests that some action be taken.

A

complainant

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19
Q

A ________ is a person who saw a crime or some part of it being committed.

A

witness

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20
Q

A ______ is a person considered to be directly or indirectly connected with a crime, either by overt act or by planning or directing it.

A

suspect

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21
Q

GOYAKOD stands for

A

Get off your ass and knock on doors.

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22
Q

A ____ and _____ is a legitimate investigative technique where an officer goes to a home of a suspect or witness to ask them information about an investigation.

A

knock and talk

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23
Q

An _______ is anyone who can provide information about a case but who is not a complainant, witness, victim, or suspect.

A

informant

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24
Q

A ________-__-________ file contains the name and location of people, organizations and records that may assist in a criminal investigation.

A

source of information

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25
Q

We are currently living in an “Information Age” where knowledge is ______ every 2.5 years

A

doubling

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26
Q

___ _________ are electronic devices that record all number dialed from a specific phone line.

A

Pen Registers

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27
Q

A _____ ________ ______ (_ _ _) can simultaneously monitor call activity on several lines and some have wiretapping capabilities.

A

dialed number recorded (DNR)

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28
Q

Good _________________ are often the best source of information in a criminal investigation.

A

eyewitnesses

29
Q

Often the best way to solve a crime is to go door to door in the area around the crime scene. This is often referred to as “GOYAKOD”, meaning ……

A

“Get off your ass and knock on doors.”

30
Q

A number of courts recognize that knock and talks are consensual encounters that do not violate the Fourth Amendment.

A

United States v. Crasper (2007) set forth the general rule regarding knock and talk encounters.

31
Q

In order to achieve the totality of the circumstances necessary to establish probable cause:

A

o Corroborate as much of the informant’s information as possible
o Determine how, where, when and under what circumstances the informant obtained the information
o Explain use of the informant’s information in past criminal cases that led to arrests, convictions, seizures, etc.
o Provide or reveal statements informants made
o Identify the informant if it’s safe to do so

32
Q

An ____________ is questioning people who are not suspects in a crime but who know something about it or the people involved

A

interview

33
Q

An ____________ is questioning those suspected of direct or indirect involvement in a crime

A

interrogation

34
Q

The ultimate goal of ________ and __________ is to determine the truth, that is, to identify those responsible for a crime and to eliminate the innocent from suspicion.

A

interviewing and interrogation

35
Q

Two basic requirements to obtain information are to _______ and to _______

A

listen

observe

36
Q

• A _______ question is to the point, allowing little possibility of misinterpretation

A

direct

o EXAMPLE: “Has your husband every physically assaulted you?”

37
Q

• An __________ question is disguised, one that skirt the basic questions

A

Indirect

o EXAMPLE: “How do you and your husband get along?”

38
Q

___________ is an effective technique to obtain recall and to uncover lies.

A

Repitition

39
Q

Someone who is lying will usually tell a story exactly the same way several times.

A

Someone who is telling the truth, however, will contain the same facts but be phrased differently each time it is retold.

40
Q

Record both _______ and ______ information. The fact that a witness did NOT see anyone enter a building may be as important as having seen someone.

A

positive and negative

41
Q

__________is probably the most critical factor in any interview

A

Rapport

42
Q

_________ is an understanding between individuals created by genuine interest and concern.

A

Rapport

43
Q

• Appeal to reluctant interviewee’s reasons or emotions

A

o Logical Approach is based on reason. Use logic to determine why the person refuses to cooperate
o Emotional Approach is based on negative emotions (hate, anger, greed, revenge, etc).

44
Q

_________ interview tries to get the interviewee to recall the scene mentally by using simple techniques aimed at encouraging focused retrieval.

A

Cognitive

45
Q

Testimonial ________ includes prior testimony as well as statements made as a result of police interrogation.

A

hearsay

46
Q

The “_______Warning” (______ v. Arizona – 1966) informs the suspect of their Fifth Amendment rights.

A

Miranda

47
Q

_______ interrogation is questioning initiated by law enforcement officers after a person has been taken into custody or otherwise significantly deprived of freedom.

A

Custodial

48
Q

If officers learn about contraband or evidence from a statement that does not comply with Miranda, the contraband or evidence need not to be suppressed as “______ _____” of the inadmissible statement. (United States v. Patane – 2004)

A

poisonous fruit

49
Q

• Miranda Warnings are not required during:

A

o Voluntary or unsolicited statements
o Identification procedures (fingerprinting, book-in, lineups, or sobriety tests)
o During roadside interview for traffic violations
o When questioned by a private citizen who is not an agent of the government

50
Q

A suspect can waive the rights granted by Miranda but must do so______ and _______

A

intelligently and knowingly

51
Q

The suspect must unambiguously request counsel and articulate his desire to have counsel present in such a clear manner that a reasonable officer would understand the statement as a request for an attorney.

A

(Davis v. United States – 1994)

52
Q

• In reference to waiving the ______ Warning, silence itself is not a waiver.

A

Miranda

53
Q

Beach-heading is when an officer questions a custodial suspect without given the Miranda Warning and obtains incriminating statements, then reads the warning, get a waiver, and repeats the interrogation to obtain the statement.

A

o The courts have ruled that this technique is unconstitutional (Missouri v. Seibert – 2004)

54
Q

Conduct _________in a place that is private and free from interruptions

A

interrogations

55
Q

The ______ ___________ ______ gives foreign nationals the right to contact their consulate in the event of their detention or arrest. Another treaty signed in 1972 provides diplomatic immunity for certain individuals.

A

The Vienna Convention Treaty (1963)

56
Q

Research has show that 10% of a message is delivered ______ while 90% is _______.

A

10 - verbally

90 - nonverbally

57
Q

_____ _____ tactics is the use of physical force, threat of physical forces, or other physical, mental, or psychological abuse to induce a suspect to confess to a crime.

A

Third Degree

o The use of these methods are inexcusable and illegal

58
Q

Any information obtained during a ______ _______ interrogation” is inadmissible in court

A

Third Degree

59
Q

An _____ contains some information concerning the elements of a crime but falls short of a full confession.

A

admission

60
Q

A ________ is information supporting the elements of a crime given by a person involved in committing it.

A

confession

61
Q

An _______ _______ occurs when someone else makes a statement in a person’s presence and under circumstances where it would be logical to expect the person to make a denial if the statement falsely implicated him, but he does not deny the allegations.

A

adoptive admission

62
Q

Obtain ________ _________ before questioning a youth. Do not use a youth as an informant unless the parents know the situation.

A

parental permission

63
Q

The _________scientifically measures respiration and depth of breathing, changes in the skin’s electrical resistance and blood pressure, and pulse.

A

polygraph

64
Q

_______ _______ has finally been accepted as a valuable crime fighting tool, however many states remain reluctant to allow testimony elicited from hypnosis.

A

Forensic Hypnosis

65
Q

____ ______ are most often sodium amatol and sodium pentathol. The courts do not officially recognize truth serums or their reliability, nor do they admit the results as evidence.

A

Truth serums

66
Q

_______ are more commonly accepted than psychics.

A

Profilers

67
Q

The ______ _______ ___ ____ ______ has become the national de facto data sharing standard.

A

The Global Justice XML Data Model (GJSCM)

68
Q

Information or data is NOT __________. Information PLUS analysis is __________.

A

intelligence

69
Q

The intelligence process consist of:

A
o	Planning and direction
o	Collection
o	Processing / Collation
o	Analysis
o	Dissemination