Criminal Investigations 9th Ed - Ch 5 - Forensics / Physical Evidence Flashcards
_______ is data on which a judgment or conclusion can be based.
Evidence
______ _______ is anything real – that is, which as substance – that helps to establish the facts of a case.
Physical Evidence
_____ ______ establishes the proof of a fact without any other evidence. An example of this would be video clearly depicting the suspect committing a crime.
Direct Evidence
_______ _______ merely tends to incriminate a person. For example, a suspect’s footprint found near a crime scene. This is also known as “circumstantial evidence.”
Indirect Evidence
Evidence established by law is called ______ _____ _________ . For example, if a suspect’s blood content is 0.08 BAC then by law that suspect is intoxicated
prima facie evidence
______ ______ ______ establishes that a crime has been committed.
Corpus delicti evidence
______ ______ ______ establishes that a crime has been committed.
Corpus delicti evidence
________ ________forms a substantive part of the case or has a legitimate and effective influence on the decision of the case.
Material evidence
A ______ crime lab could provide radio equipment, equipment for disaster scenes, stakeouts, and more.
mobile
Ultraviolet light is good for finding _____ __ _______.
traces of evidence.
Common errors in collecting evidence are:
o Not collecting enough of the sample
o Not obtaining standards of comparison
o Not maintaining the integrity of the evidence
A ______ __ __________ is an object, measure, or model with which evidence is compared to determine whether both came from the same source.
standard of comparison
The _____ _____ requires law enforcement to gather all evidence that helps establish guilt or innocence.
Brady Rule
• Notes should include:
o Time
o Date
o Location the item was found
o Case number
o Description of the item
o Name of individual who found the evidence
o Name of individual who took it into custody
______ __________ are transferred to a surface by dirt/soil on the ridges of the fingers or residue oil.
Latent Fingerprints
_______ may be developed using fingerprint powder, magana brush techniques, laser technology, gelatin lifters, and cyanoacrylate.
fingerprints