Criminal Investigations 9th Ed - Ch 1 - Overview

Question 1

DNA was discovered in _____ .

Answer 1

1868

Question 2

The logical process in which a conclusion follows from specific facts is known as ____ _____.

Answer 2

deductive reasoning

Question 3

A ____ is an act in violation of penal law and an offense against the state.

Answer 3

crime

Question 4

A ______ _______ is a legislative act relating to a crime and its punishment

Answer 4

criminal statute

Question 5

An ________ is an act of the legislative body of a city or county relating to the rules governing such.

Answer 5

ordinance

Question 6

A suspect’s “MO” or “_____ ______” (method of operation) is how he usually operates or commits a crime.

Answer 6

modus operandi

Question 7

The goals of a criminal investigations are to

Answer 7

o Determine whether a crime has been committed
o Legally obtain information & evidence
o Arrest the suspect
o Recover stolen property
o Present the best possible case to the prosecutor

Question 8

A “______” is an avenue bearing clues or potential sources of information relevant to solving the crime.

Answer 8

lead

Question 9

A successful investigation is one in which:

Answer 9

o A logical sequence is followed
o All evidence is legally obtained
o All witnesses are effectively interviewed
o All suspects are legally and effectively interrogated
o All leads are thoroughly developed
o All details of the case are accurately recorded and reported

Question 10

Remember that determining the ____ is more important than obtaining a conviction or closing a case.

Answer 10

truth

Question 11

______ _______ obtain & retain information, apply technical knowledge, remain open minded, objective and logical, as well as are ______ _______.

Answer 11

Effective investigators

culturally adroit

Question 12

A _____ is an action, an event, a circumstance or an actual thing done.

Answer 12

fact

Question 13

An _________ is a process of reasoning by which a fact may be deduced (deductive reasoning).

Answer 13

inference

Question 14

More cases are actually LOST during the first hour of an investigation – ___________ – than in court.

Answer 14

the initial response

Question 15

______ _______ __ _______ is a basic forensic theory holding that objects that come in contact with each other always transfer material, however minute, to each other.

Answer 15

Locard’s principle of exchange

Question 16

_____ ______ assist an investigator in determining whether evidence discovered is what they think it is (bloodstains, drugs, etc.)

Answer 16

Field test

Question 17

In complex cases, involving many officers, a ______ ______ may be set up where information about the crime is gathered and reviewed.

Answer 17

command center

Question 18

Due to television shows like CSI, jury now have an unreasonable expectation of forensic evidence in every case. Because of this, _______________________________________________.

Answer 18

law enforcement is suffering because of the “CSI effect.”

Question 19

Despite a thorough investigation, a follow up investigation may be necessary. This ____________________________________________________. It can simply mean that some event has occurred that is requiring the investigator to gather more evidence.

Answer 19

does not necessarily mean that the initial investigation was inadequate

Question 20

______________ help investigators efficiently access existing information, record new information, store it, analyze it, link crimes, enhance digital images, etc.

Answer 20

Computers

Question 21

_____ _______ focusing on the location of the crimes.

Answer 21

Crime mapping

Question 22

The act of sifting through vast amounts of information to find data that pertains to a specific case is referred to as ______ _______.

Answer 22

data mining.

Question 23

_____-______ ________ makes use of crime mapping, data mining, and crime analysis.

Answer 23

Problem-oriented policing

Question 24

Because there are a wide range of ________ in different crimes, it is impossible to establish fixed rules for conducting investigations.

Answer 24

variables

Question 25

A ________ _______ is someone whose specialty is the organized scientific collection and processing of evidence.

Answer 25

forensic specialist

Question 26

Criminal investigation is a reconstructive process that uses _________ _________, a logical process in which a conclusion follows from specific facts.

Answer 26

deductive reasoning

Question 27

The prosecution has to prove the _____________ of a crime.

Answer 27

elements

Question 28

______ ___________ statements are spontaneous statements made at the time of a crime concerning and closely related to actions involved in the crime.

Answer 28

Res gestae