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academic weapon starter pack > Cprt Module 5 > Flashcards

Cprt Module 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Refers to various methods by which a pest population is in theory or practice controlled by manipulating its genetic component or other inheritance mechanisms.

A

Genetic control of insect pests

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2
Q

Most widely used technique in genetic control of insect pests

A

Sterile insect technique

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3
Q

A chemical sterilant used in SIT

A

tris-(1-aziridinyl) phosphine oxide

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4
Q

True or False

tris-(1-aziridinyl) is mutagenic and carcinogenic to man

A

True

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5
Q

Sterile insect technique is also known as?

A

Sterile male technique

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6
Q

When was SIT developed?

A

1940s and 1950s

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7
Q

This procedure involves mass-rearing insects, subjecting them to sterilization by irradiation or chemical mutagens, and releasing large numbers of males to mate with wild females

A

Sterile insect technique

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8
Q

What insects did SIT programs effectively eradicate?

A
  • Screwworm in North and Central America
  • Mediterranean fruit fly in Florida
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9
Q

What does MAT stand for?

A

Male annihilation technology

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10
Q

What technology was used to suppress mango fruit fly?

A

SIT and MAT

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11
Q

In suppressing mango fruit fly, ____ was used as lure and ____ was used as poison

A

methyl eugenol ; malathion

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12
Q

True or False

The Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI) and the National Mango Research and Development Center collaborated in suppressing mango fruit fly

A

True

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13
Q

The heritable property that enables a plant to inhibit pest population growth or recover from an injury caused by populations not inhibited from growing

A

Resistance

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14
Q

True or False

Bacillus thuringiensis can also be deployed in different crops to make the plants resistant

A

True

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15
Q

Two ways by which plants become resistant to insect pest attacks

A

Ecological resistance and Genetic resistance

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16
Q

Considered a false resistance or pseudo resistance because it is under the primary control of the crop’s environment.

A

Ecological resistance

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17
Q

Right or real resistance because it is governed by resistance genes inherent to various introduced sources

A

Genetic resistance

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18
Q

Two types of ecological resistance

A
  1. Phenological asynchrony
  2. Induced resistance
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19
Q
  • The crop’s susceptible stage does not coincide with the pest population’s peak such that the plant escapes the damage
  • The crop has no resistance to the pest
A

phenological asynchrony

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20
Q

Brought about by the plants’ proper care, such as fertilization and other farm practices that make them resistant to insect pest attacks

A

induced resistance

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21
Q

____ usually increases the resistance of plants to insect feeding

A

Silicon

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22
Q

True or False

One crop management tactic that can benefit insect pests’ control is the amendment of a silicon (Si) fertilizer

A

True

23
Q

What are the three insect resistance mechanisms

A
  1. non-preference
  2. antibiosis
  3. tolerance
24
Q

True or False

Non-preference was later named as anti preference

A

False

It was later named as antixenosis

25
Q

Who coined the term antixenosis

A

Kogan and
Ortman

26
Q

Occurs when a pest is less likely to find or feed on a resistant plant

A

antixenosis

27
Q
  • Occurs when feeding on a resistant plant harms the pest’s health or fitness
  • Caused by chemicals in the plant tissue
A

antibiosis

28
Q

True or False

Antibiosis resistance often results in increased mortality or reduced longevity and reproduction of the insect

A

True

29
Q

Occurs when a plant can continue to thrive despite being attacked

A

tolerance

30
Q
  • A property of the host which prevents damage by plant pathogens
  • Defined as the host plant’s ability to exclude or
    overcome a pathogen’s effect entirely or to some
    degree
A

Disease resistance

31
Q

It is when non-host and resistant plant cultivars are usually equipped with pre-existing or pre-formed structures or chemicals and inducible mechanisms for defending themselves against pathogenic attack

A

Active mechanism of resistance

32
Q

The best pest control method for managing pest and disease problems

A

resistant varieties

33
Q

True or False

Rice tungro disease-resistant lines were also released by NSIC under the popular name, Matatag lines

A

True

34
Q

These varieties are high yielding and have resistance or moderate resistance to major pests and diseases like rice stemborer, brown planthopper, green leafhopper bacterial blight, and rice blast

A
  1. Rc 216 (Tubigan 17)
  2. Rc 160
  3. Rc 300 (Tubigan 24)
  4. Rc 222 (Tubigan 18)
35
Q

Which rice varieties did PhilRice scientists breed

A

Rc 160, Rc 216, and Rc 300

36
Q

Which rice varieties did IRRI scientists breed

A

Rc 222

37
Q

Two significant mechanisms of plant defense against pathogens

A
  1. resistance
  2. tolerance
38
Q

Host plant’s ability to prevent damage by plant pathogens or the host plant’s ability to exclude or overcome, entirely or to some degree, the pathogen’s effect.

A

resistance

39
Q

Two general types of host plant resistance to diseases

A
  1. pre-formed or constitutive resistance
  2. induced resistance
40
Q

Pre-formed resistance is also called ____ while induced resistance is an ____ mechanism.

A

passive resistance ; active resistance

41
Q

The host plant’s ability to reduce the effect of infection on its fitness regardless of the level of pathogen multiplication so it can still have its normal yield despite the disease infection

A

tolerance

42
Q

What does HR mean

A

Hypersensitive reaction

43
Q
  • The rapid localized death of host cells around the invading pathogen
  • Results in confinement and even death of the pathogen
A

Hypersensitive reaction

44
Q

A substance produced by the infected plant that inhibits the development of the pathogen

A

Phytoalexin

45
Q

True or False

Phytoalexins are also produced when a plant exhibit HR

A

True the fire

46
Q
  • A phenomenon in which plants infected with one pathogen become more resistant to subsequent infection by another pathogen
  • Refers to a phenomenon wherein a pathogen is inoculated in a portion of the host plant
A

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR)

47
Q

The pathogens or parts of the pathogens that can induce plants’ resistance are called?

A

resistance elicitors

48
Q

Examples of identified plant defense activators

A
  1. salicylic acid
  2. acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
  3. dichloroisonicotinic acid
49
Q
  • The phenomenon is similar to immunization or vaccination in humans
  • For example, a mild strain of a virus when inoculated to a healthy plant can protect the plant from an aggressive strain of the same virus
A

cross-protection

50
Q
  • Another compound that can elicit resistance in plants
  • Has been found effective in inducing resistance of tomato to bacterial wilt, resistance in rice to bacterial blight and inducing resistance in abaca to bacterial heart rot
A

chitosan

51
Q
  • A short cut method of introgressing or transferring a pest resistance gene from a donor to an elite line
  • Introduces specific DNA sequences into crop plants to enhance insect pests’ resistance
A

genetic engineering

52
Q

Engineers must also insert a “____” gene from a virus as part of the package to make the inserted gene express itself

A

promoter

53
Q

What specific Bt was inserted into Bt corn and Bt cotton?

A

crystalline toxin protein (cry gene)

54
Q

How was the PRSV-resistant (Hawaiian) transgenic papaya variety SunUp developed?

A

By transforming somatic embryos with the coat protein gene of the Hawaiian papaya ringspot virus strain

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