Cprt Module 5 Flashcards
Refers to various methods by which a pest population is in theory or practice controlled by manipulating its genetic component or other inheritance mechanisms.
Genetic control of insect pests
Most widely used technique in genetic control of insect pests
Sterile insect technique
A chemical sterilant used in SIT
tris-(1-aziridinyl) phosphine oxide
True or False
tris-(1-aziridinyl) is mutagenic and carcinogenic to man
True
Sterile insect technique is also known as?
Sterile male technique
When was SIT developed?
1940s and 1950s
This procedure involves mass-rearing insects, subjecting them to sterilization by irradiation or chemical mutagens, and releasing large numbers of males to mate with wild females
Sterile insect technique
What insects did SIT programs effectively eradicate?
- Screwworm in North and Central America
- Mediterranean fruit fly in Florida
What does MAT stand for?
Male annihilation technology
What technology was used to suppress mango fruit fly?
SIT and MAT
In suppressing mango fruit fly, ____ was used as lure and ____ was used as poison
methyl eugenol ; malathion
True or False
The Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI) and the National Mango Research and Development Center collaborated in suppressing mango fruit fly
True
The heritable property that enables a plant to inhibit pest population growth or recover from an injury caused by populations not inhibited from growing
Resistance
True or False
Bacillus thuringiensis can also be deployed in different crops to make the plants resistant
True
Two ways by which plants become resistant to insect pest attacks
Ecological resistance and Genetic resistance
Considered a false resistance or pseudo resistance because it is under the primary control of the crop’s environment.
Ecological resistance
Right or real resistance because it is governed by resistance genes inherent to various introduced sources
Genetic resistance
Two types of ecological resistance
- Phenological asynchrony
- Induced resistance
- The crop’s susceptible stage does not coincide with the pest population’s peak such that the plant escapes the damage
- The crop has no resistance to the pest
phenological asynchrony
Brought about by the plants’ proper care, such as fertilization and other farm practices that make them resistant to insect pest attacks
induced resistance
____ usually increases the resistance of plants to insect feeding
Silicon
True or False
One crop management tactic that can benefit insect pests’ control is the amendment of a silicon (Si) fertilizer
True
What are the three insect resistance mechanisms
- non-preference
- antibiosis
- tolerance
True or False
Non-preference was later named as anti preference
False
It was later named as antixenosis
Who coined the term antixenosis
Kogan and
Ortman
Occurs when a pest is less likely to find or feed on a resistant plant
antixenosis
- Occurs when feeding on a resistant plant harms the pest’s health or fitness
- Caused by chemicals in the plant tissue
antibiosis
True or False
Antibiosis resistance often results in increased mortality or reduced longevity and reproduction of the insect
True
Occurs when a plant can continue to thrive despite being attacked
tolerance
- A property of the host which prevents damage by plant pathogens
- Defined as the host plant’s ability to exclude or
overcome a pathogen’s effect entirely or to some
degree
Disease resistance
It is when non-host and resistant plant cultivars are usually equipped with pre-existing or pre-formed structures or chemicals and inducible mechanisms for defending themselves against pathogenic attack
Active mechanism of resistance
The best pest control method for managing pest and disease problems
resistant varieties
True or False
Rice tungro disease-resistant lines were also released by NSIC under the popular name, Matatag lines
True
These varieties are high yielding and have resistance or moderate resistance to major pests and diseases like rice stemborer, brown planthopper, green leafhopper bacterial blight, and rice blast
- Rc 216 (Tubigan 17)
- Rc 160
- Rc 300 (Tubigan 24)
- Rc 222 (Tubigan 18)
Which rice varieties did PhilRice scientists breed
Rc 160, Rc 216, and Rc 300
Which rice varieties did IRRI scientists breed
Rc 222
Two significant mechanisms of plant defense against pathogens
- resistance
- tolerance
Host plant’s ability to prevent damage by plant pathogens or the host plant’s ability to exclude or overcome, entirely or to some degree, the pathogen’s effect.
resistance
Two general types of host plant resistance to diseases
- pre-formed or constitutive resistance
- induced resistance
Pre-formed resistance is also called ____ while induced resistance is an ____ mechanism.
passive resistance ; active resistance
The host plant’s ability to reduce the effect of infection on its fitness regardless of the level of pathogen multiplication so it can still have its normal yield despite the disease infection
tolerance
What does HR mean
Hypersensitive reaction
- The rapid localized death of host cells around the invading pathogen
- Results in confinement and even death of the pathogen
Hypersensitive reaction
A substance produced by the infected plant that inhibits the development of the pathogen
Phytoalexin
True or False
Phytoalexins are also produced when a plant exhibit HR
True the fire
- A phenomenon in which plants infected with one pathogen become more resistant to subsequent infection by another pathogen
- Refers to a phenomenon wherein a pathogen is inoculated in a portion of the host plant
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR)
The pathogens or parts of the pathogens that can induce plants’ resistance are called?
resistance elicitors
Examples of identified plant defense activators
- salicylic acid
- acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
- dichloroisonicotinic acid
- The phenomenon is similar to immunization or vaccination in humans
- For example, a mild strain of a virus when inoculated to a healthy plant can protect the plant from an aggressive strain of the same virus
cross-protection
- Another compound that can elicit resistance in plants
- Has been found effective in inducing resistance of tomato to bacterial wilt, resistance in rice to bacterial blight and inducing resistance in abaca to bacterial heart rot
chitosan
- A short cut method of introgressing or transferring a pest resistance gene from a donor to an elite line
- Introduces specific DNA sequences into crop plants to enhance insect pests’ resistance
genetic engineering
Engineers must also insert a “____” gene from a virus as part of the package to make the inserted gene express itself
promoter
What specific Bt was inserted into Bt corn and Bt cotton?
crystalline toxin protein (cry gene)
How was the PRSV-resistant (Hawaiian) transgenic papaya variety SunUp developed?
By transforming somatic embryos with the coat protein gene of the Hawaiian papaya ringspot virus strain
