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CO5 AnSci Flashcards

1
Q

top 3 regions that has the highest distribution of cattle inventory by region

A
  1. Central Visayas
  2. Ilocos Region
  3. CALABARZON
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2
Q

ika pila ang Eastern Visayas sa distribution of cattle inventory by region

A

15th

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3
Q

refers to the special form or purpose for which an animal is to be used.

A

types

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4
Q

meaty,rectangular/square and blocky in form.

A

Beef type

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5
Q

large, rugged, with considerable length of leg.

A

Draft type

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6
Q

intermediate between beef or dairy or draft.

A

Dual-purpose

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7
Q

2n = 48, 80% in East India, Philippines, North China.

A

Swamp type

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7
Q

2n = 50, 67% in East India, Middle East, Southern Europe, USSR.

A

Riverine type

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8
Q

from India, jet black color with white switch (tip of tail), spirally curled horn, milk yield of 5-7 kg/day.

A

Murrah

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9
Q

black with white markings on face & legs, white switch, small & lightly coiled horns.

A

Nii-Ravi

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10
Q

light gray, two stripes (chevron) at ventral jaw, milk yield of 1.45-2.64 kg/day.

A

Philippine Carabao (PC)

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11
Q

black, long hair, massive and strong horn to form a moonlike crescent which ends upward, milk yield of 0.9-1.0 kg/day.

A

Thai buffalo

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12
Q

similar to Philippine Carabao except for their more massive horns.

A

Cambodian (Kampuchean) buffalo

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13
Q

Grades with at least 50% Murrah blood are jet black, chevron completely absent, white switch, blacklegs.

A

Philippine-Murrah

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14
Q

F1 grades look like Murrah crosses with white flock of hair on the forehead and switch of the tail.

A

Philippine-ravi

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15
Q

Look like the native carabao except the former has massive horn.

A

Philippine-Kampuchean

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16
Q

Look like Philippine Murrah grades

A

Kampuchean-Murrah

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17
Q
  • Northeast Scotland
  • World’s largest beef breed registry
A

Angus

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18
Q
  • Short horn and wide set eyes
  • Early maturity, excellent reproductive performance
  • Red to Roan (mixture of red and white)
A

Shorthorn

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19
Q

First breed development in England; white in face, flanks, tail, and creston the neck with cherry to mahogany red color. Polled Hereford developed in1901.

A

Hereford

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20
Q

same origin as Angus; with curly black haircoat

A

Belted Galloway

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21
Q
  • Lasater Ranch, Texas.
  • ½ Brahman, ¼ Hereford, ¼ Shorthorn.
  • Six Essentials -Weight, Conformation, Milking Ability, Fertility, Hardiness (severe range conditions)
    and Disposition.
A

Beefmaster

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22
Q

Popular in South America –Brazil

A

Nelore

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23
Q
  • Spotted, few white markings
  • Head –white in front of the eyes
  • Lower parts of legs also white
A

Simmental

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24
Q
  • Excellent maternal traits
  • Rapid growth
  • Hybrid vigour
  • Excellent maternal traits
  • Rapid growth
  • Hybrid vigour
A

Simbrah

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25
Q

Cross between Brahman & Angus

A

Brangus

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26
Q
  • Cross between Red Poll & N’Dama
  • Heat tolerant & insect resistance
A

Senepol

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27
Q

a Japanese beef cattle
____ means Japanese style and ____ means cattle

A

Wa; gyu

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28
Q

Brown Swiss, Shorthorn, Devon, Simmental, Ayrshire,
Korean, Holstein and Angus impacted on today’sWagyu.

A

British and Continental Breeds

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29
Q

consist of 5/8 Shorthorn + 3/8 Brahman, developed in King Ranch (Texas), red or cherry red with short, slick, straight hair and loose hide with neck folds.

A

Sta. Gertrudis

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30
Q

the controlled propagation of cattle to improve qualities desirable to man.

A

Breeding

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31
Q

mating of closely related individuals within a breed; to increase the homozygosity of genes.

A

Inbreeding

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32
Q

mating of close relatives (father-daughter, son-mother, brother,sister)

A

Close breeding

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33
Q

mating of distant relatives (cousins). Form of mild inbreeding designed to concentrate the genes of a certain ancestor of the genetic constitution of the progeny.

A

Line breeding

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34
Q

a very mild form of inbreeding which leads to increase homozygosity within the strain in the long term.

A

Strain breeding

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35
Q

mating of individuals to increase heterozygousity of
genes and capitalize on hybrid vigor(heterosis)

A

Crossbreeding

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36
Q

the average quality of the first generation exceeding the
average of two parental breeds.

A

Hybrid vigor

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37
Q

is displayed mainly in the fitness traits, fertility and viability

A

Heterosis

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38
Q

Involving two or more breeds, where the crossbred may
stabilize into a breed (eg. Brangus) by “inter se” mating or
crisscross or triple cross.

A

Systematic crossbreeding

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39
Q

Mating of purebred sires to nondescript or native females & their offsprings generation after generation.

A

Upgrading

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40
Q

Sexual maturity (bulls/heifer)

A

6-8 months

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41
Q

Estrus cycle

A

18-24 days (average= 21 days)

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42
Q

Estrus duration

A

European = 14-18 hours
Zebu/Indigenous= 10-12hours

43
Q

Ovulation

A

10-14 hours after end of estrus

44
Q

Parturation

A

283 days (316-320 in carabao)

45
Q

Amount of ejaculate

A

2-12ml, with 500 or more sperm cells/ml.

46
Q

Sperms urvival at oviduct

A

48 hours max

47
Q

Signs of Estrus (period of sexual receptivity of female)

A
  • Reddening & swelling of vulva; mucous discharge
  • Isolates herself; seem sickly and has no appetite
  • Frequent urination; restlessness, bellowing/mooing
  • Mount others; standing still when mounted
48
Q

conventional use of bull to impregnate a heifer or cow.

A

Natural Method

49
Q

a bull in good condition can serve 3-4 times/week or one service every other day.

A

Hand mating

50
Q

Modern reproduction techniques that multiply the capacity of superior male or female.

A

Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer

51
Q

_____ site of fermentation, receiving area for feed (during eating) and ingesta (during rumination).

A

Reticulum

52
Q

_____site of fermentation(by bacteria, protozoa & fungi) of (CH2O)n into VFA (acetic, propionic, butyric acids), and CO2 and CH4 that are eructated to prevent bloat; also synthesize water-soluble vitamins (B complex and C). Proteins are broken into NH3 and CO2 where NH3 is utilized for microbial protein synthesis or absorbed, converted into urea & excreted via urine.

A

Rumen

53
Q

_____ maintains neutral pH

A

Saliva

54
Q

______ is filled with lamella, which increase surface area for absorption of water, VFA, & bicarbonate.

A

Omasum

55
Q

_______ is glandular that secrets pepsin & HCl, site of
digestion of proteins into polypeptides, with acidic pH

A

Abomasum

56
Q

The presence of “course digesta” triggers “rumination
reflex” to occur which includes:

A
  • regurgitation
  • remastication
  • reinsalivation
  • reswallowing
57
Q

process of belching of gas which allows removal of large volume of gases produced in the rumen.

A

Eructation

58
Q

the buildup of gas in the rumen. This gas is produced as part of thenormal processof digestion, and is normally lost by belching (eructation)

A

Bloating

59
Q

which occurs when the gullet is obstructed (often by foreign objects such as potato

A

Gassy bloat

60
Q

which happens as the result of a stable foam developing on top of the rumen liquid, which blocks the release of the gas.

A

Frothy Bloat

61
Q

Signs of Bloat

A
  • No longer grazing;
  • A reluctance to move;
  • Distended left abdomen;
  • Appear distressed -vocalize, eyes bulging;
  • Strain to urinate and defecate;
  • Rapid breathing -mouth may be open with tongue protruding ; staggering.
62
Q

Treatment of Bloating

A
  • Passing a stomach tube
  • a trochar and cannula punched through the side into the rumen
  • antifoaming agents
63
Q

transport of metabolic products; cushion of joints; temperature regulation; etc.

A

water

64
Q

for maintenance, growth, work & production. From soluble carbohydrates (starch & sugars), structural carbohydrates (cellulose & hemicellulose), and lipids.

A

Energy

65
Q

synthesis of muscles, tissues, other body components. Microbial cell protein (MCP) is the source of amino acids (AA) for ruminants.

A

Proteins

66
Q

water-soluble (B-complex) & fat-soluble K vitamins are synthesized in the rumen.

A

Vitamins

67
Q

bone & teeth formation, acid-base balance,
nerve impulse transmission.

A

Minerals

68
Q

is the natural cheapest feeds for ruminants and includes not only grasses but also legumes

A

Forages & Pastures

69
Q

____ contains 8% CP

A

Grasses

70
Q

____ contains aboit 20% CP

A

Legumes

71
Q

Rice straw, corn stover, corn cobs, sugarcane tops, brewers’ grains, pineapple pulp (highly fibrous).

A

Roughages

72
Q

silage, hay, haylage.

A

Conserved Forages

73
Q

grains, agro-industrial by-products like copra meal,
ricebran, & wheat pollard.

A

Concentrates

74
Q
  • Origin is Queensland, Australia
  • Sahiwal (dairy Zebu from Pakistan) & Holstein-Friesian
  • Average milk yield is 3,000 liters for mature cows
A

AUSTRALIAN-FRIESIAN SAHIWAL

75
Q
  • From County of Ayr in Scotland
  • Purebred Ayrshires only produce red and white offspring
  • Moderate butterfat breed
A

AYRSHIRE

76
Q
  • color varies from yellow to reddish-brown with white patches
  • produce their high-quality milk while consuming 20 to 30 percent less feed per pound of milk produced
  • unique producer of rich yellow colored milk gave her the title “Golden Guernsey”
A

GUERNSEY

77
Q
  • color light brown in color with a creamy white muzzle and dark noze, dark-blue eye pigmentation
  • Raised due to its good milk, protein, and butter fat production
  • best fat-to-protein ratio
A

BROWN SWISS

78
Q
  • color patterns of black and white or red and white
  • produce 9 gallons of milk, daily during a cow’s standard lactation of 305 days
  • Highest milk productions in the world
  • Not as resistant to heat and diseases when in difficult agro-ecological areas
A

HOLSTEIN

79
Q
  • second largest breed of dairy cattle in the world
  • known for their rich in protein, minerals and trace elements milk
  • produce 6 gallons of 5% butterfat milk each day
A

JERSEY

80
Q
  • tick-resistant, heat-tolerant and noted for its high resistance to parasites
  • Can produce average 2270kg of milk during a lactation
  • Heaviest milker of all Zebu breeds
A

SAHIWAL

81
Q
  • Shorthorn milk has the most favorable protein-fat ratio of the dairy breeds
  • 9000 kgs of milk per 305 days
  • Efficient converter of feed to milk, especially pasture and other forage
A

MILKING SHORTHORN

82
Q
  • Large sized animal with rounded outline and prominent muscles
  • Shoulder, back, loin and rump are heavily muscled
  • The back is straight, rump is sloping, tail set is prominent, and skin is fine.
  • Has fine but strong legs and can walk easy.
A

Belgian Blue Cattle

83
Q

from Europe, medium-sized, black, with dark slate-grey skin and black hooves. Lactation lasts on average 277 days, and usually yields 1,600–1,800 kg (3,500–4,000 lb) of milk.

A

Mediterranean

84
Q

It is a combination of types of mating which are planned to combine desirable qualitative & quantitative characters.

A

Breeding Systems

85
Q

this means each possible mating in a population has the same probability or occurrence.

A

Random mating ( or unplanned)

86
Q

Involving two or more breeds, where the crossbred may stabilize into a breed (eg. Brangus) by “inter se” mating or crisscross or triple cross.

A

Systematic crossbreeding

87
Q

Mating of purebred sires to nondescript or native females & their offsprings generation after generation

A

Upgrading

88
Q

Sexual maturity (bulls/heifer)

A

6-8 months

89
Q

Estrus cycle

A

18-24 days (average is 21 days)

90
Q

Estrus duration

A

European = 14-18 hours
Zebu/Indigenous = 10-12 hours

91
Q

Ovulation

A

10-14 hours after end of estrus

92
Q

Parturition period

A

cattle is 283 days
316-320 in carabao

93
Q

Amount of ejaculate

A

2-12 ml, with 500 or more sperm cells/ml

94
Q

Sperm survival at oviduct

A

48 hours max

95
Q

Signs of Estrus (period of sexual receptivity of female)

A
  • Reddening & swelling of vulva; mucous discharge
  • Isolates herself; seem sickly and has no appetite
  • Frequent urination; restlessness, bellowing/mooing
  • Mount others; standing still when mounted
96
Q

Indicators of Good Breeding Performance

A
  • Conception rate
  • Calving rate
  • Calving interval
  • First heat after parturition
97
Q

Indicators of Good Breeding Performance

% of females that conceived versus the total exposed females.

A

Conception rate

98
Q

Indicators of Good Breeding Performance

% of females that gave birth versus the total exposed females

A

Calving rate

99
Q

Indicators of Good Breeding Performance

number of days between successive calvings (one year is ideal, 18 months is common)

A

Calving interval

100
Q

Indicators of Good Breeding Performance

the occurrence of estrus after giving birth to a young (related to calving interval)

A

First heat after parturition

101
Q

Breed heifers at ____months old or weighing ____kg

A

18-20; 220-250

102
Q

Breed bulls at ____ months old or weighing ____ kg.

A

18; 280

103
Q

limit the frequency of service of bulls to ____ times per week

A

two

104
Q

At the age of 3 years, the bull may be used ____ times a week.

A

five

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