CO5 AnSci Flashcards
1
Q
top 3 regions that has the highest distribution of cattle inventory by region
A
- Central Visayas
- Ilocos Region
- CALABARZON
2
Q
ika pila ang Eastern Visayas sa distribution of cattle inventory by region
A
15th
3
Q
refers to the special form or purpose for which an animal is to be used.
A
types
4
Q
meaty,rectangular/square and blocky in form.
A
Beef type
5
Q
large, rugged, with considerable length of leg.
A
Draft type
6
Q
intermediate between beef or dairy or draft.
A
Dual-purpose
7
Q
2n = 48, 80% in East India, Philippines, North China.
A
Swamp type
7
Q
2n = 50, 67% in East India, Middle East, Southern Europe, USSR.
A
Riverine type
8
Q
from India, jet black color with white switch (tip of tail), spirally curled horn, milk yield of 5-7 kg/day.
A
Murrah
9
Q
black with white markings on face & legs, white switch, small & lightly coiled horns.
A
Nii-Ravi
10
Q
light gray, two stripes (chevron) at ventral jaw, milk yield of 1.45-2.64 kg/day.
A
Philippine Carabao (PC)
11
Q
black, long hair, massive and strong horn to form a moonlike crescent which ends upward, milk yield of 0.9-1.0 kg/day.
A
Thai buffalo
12
Q
similar to Philippine Carabao except for their more massive horns.
A
Cambodian (Kampuchean) buffalo
13
Q
Grades with at least 50% Murrah blood are jet black, chevron completely absent, white switch, blacklegs.
A
Philippine-Murrah
14
Q
F1 grades look like Murrah crosses with white flock of hair on the forehead and switch of the tail.
A
Philippine-ravi
15
Q
Look like the native carabao except the former has massive horn.
A
Philippine-Kampuchean
16
Q
Look like Philippine Murrah grades
A
Kampuchean-Murrah
17
Q
- Northeast Scotland
- World’s largest beef breed registry
A
Angus
18
Q
- Short horn and wide set eyes
- Early maturity, excellent reproductive performance
- Red to Roan (mixture of red and white)
A
Shorthorn
19
Q
First breed development in England; white in face, flanks, tail, and creston the neck with cherry to mahogany red color. Polled Hereford developed in1901.
A
Hereford
20
Q
same origin as Angus; with curly black haircoat
A
Belted Galloway
21
Q
- Lasater Ranch, Texas.
- ½ Brahman, ¼ Hereford, ¼ Shorthorn.
- Six Essentials -Weight, Conformation, Milking Ability, Fertility, Hardiness (severe range conditions)
and Disposition.
A
Beefmaster
22
Q
Popular in South America –Brazil
A
Nelore
23
Q
- Spotted, few white markings
- Head –white in front of the eyes
- Lower parts of legs also white
A
Simmental
24
* Excellent maternal traits
* Rapid growth
* Hybrid vigour
* Excellent maternal traits
* Rapid growth
* Hybrid vigour
Simbrah
25
Cross between Brahman & Angus
Brangus
26
* Cross between Red Poll & N’Dama
* Heat tolerant & insect resistance
Senepol
27
a Japanese beef cattle
____ means **Japanese style** and ____ means **cattle**
Wa; gyu
28
Brown Swiss, Shorthorn, Devon, Simmental, Ayrshire,
Korean, Holstein and Angus impacted on today'sWagyu.
British and Continental Breeds
29
consist of 5/8 Shorthorn + 3/8 Brahman, developed in King Ranch (Texas), red or cherry red with short, slick, straight hair and loose hide with neck folds.
Sta. Gertrudis
30
the controlled propagation of cattle to improve qualities desirable to man.
Breeding
31
mating of closely related individuals within a breed; to increase the homozygosity of genes.
Inbreeding
32
mating of close relatives (father-daughter, son-mother, brother,sister)
Close breeding
33
mating of distant relatives (cousins). Form of mild inbreeding designed to concentrate the genes of a certain ancestor of the genetic constitution of the progeny.
Line breeding
34
a very mild form of inbreeding which leads to increase homozygosity within the strain in the long term.
Strain breeding
35
mating of individuals to increase heterozygousity of
genes and capitalize on hybrid vigor(heterosis)
Crossbreeding
36
the average quality of the first generation exceeding the
average of two parental breeds.
Hybrid vigor
37
is displayed mainly in the fitness traits, fertility and viability
Heterosis
38
Involving two or more breeds, where the crossbred may
stabilize into a breed (eg. Brangus) by “inter se” mating or
crisscross or triple cross.
Systematic crossbreeding
39
Mating of purebred sires to nondescript or native females & their offsprings generation after generation.
Upgrading
40
Sexual maturity (bulls/heifer)
6-8 months
41
Estrus cycle
18-24 days (average= 21 days)
42
Estrus duration
European = 14-18 hours
Zebu/Indigenous= 10-12hours
43
Ovulation
10-14 hours after end of estrus
44
Parturation
283 days (316-320 in carabao)
45
Amount of ejaculate
2-12ml, with 500 or more sperm cells/ml.
46
Sperms urvival at oviduct
48 hours max
47
Signs of Estrus (period of sexual receptivity of female)
* Reddening & swelling of vulva; mucous discharge
* Isolates herself; seem sickly and has no appetite
* Frequent urination; restlessness, bellowing/mooing
* Mount others; standing still when mounted
48
conventional use of bull to impregnate a heifer or cow.
Natural Method
49
a bull in good condition can serve 3-4 times/week or one service every other day.
Hand mating
50
Modern reproduction techniques that multiply the capacity of superior male or female.
Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer
51
_____ site of fermentation, receiving area for feed (during eating) and ingesta (during rumination).
Reticulum
52
_____site of fermentation(by bacteria, protozoa & fungi) of (CH2O)n into VFA (acetic, propionic, butyric acids), and CO2 and CH4 that are eructated to prevent bloat; also synthesize water-soluble vitamins (B complex and C). Proteins are broken into NH3 and CO2 where NH3 is utilized for microbial protein synthesis or absorbed, converted into urea & excreted via urine.
Rumen
53
_____ maintains neutral pH
Saliva
54
______ is filled with lamella, which increase surface area for absorption of water, VFA, & bicarbonate.
Omasum
55
_______ is glandular that secrets pepsin & HCl, site of
digestion of proteins into polypeptides, with acidic pH
Abomasum
56
The presence of “course digesta” triggers “rumination
reflex” to occur which includes:
* regurgitation
* remastication
* reinsalivation
* reswallowing
57
process of belching of gas which allows removal of large volume of gases produced in the rumen.
Eructation
58
the buildup of gas in the rumen. This gas is produced as part of thenormal processof digestion, and is normally lost by belching (eructation)
Bloating
59
which occurs when the gullet is obstructed (often by foreign objects such as potato
Gassy bloat
60
which happens as the result of a stable foam developing on top of the rumen liquid, which blocks the release of the gas.
Frothy Bloat
61
Signs of Bloat
* No longer grazing;
* A reluctance to move;
* Distended left abdomen;
* Appear distressed -vocalize, eyes bulging;
* Strain to urinate and defecate;
* Rapid breathing -mouth may be open with tongue protruding ; staggering.
62
Treatment of Bloating
* Passing a stomach tube
* a trochar and cannula punched through the side into the rumen
* antifoaming agents
63
transport of metabolic products; cushion of joints; temperature regulation; etc.
water
64
for maintenance, growth, work & production. From soluble carbohydrates (starch & sugars), structural carbohydrates (cellulose & hemicellulose), and lipids.
Energy
65
synthesis of muscles, tissues, other body components. Microbial cell protein (MCP) is the source of amino acids (AA) for ruminants.
Proteins
66
water-soluble (B-complex) & fat-soluble K vitamins are synthesized in the rumen.
Vitamins
67
bone & teeth formation, acid-base balance,
nerve impulse transmission.
Minerals
68
is the natural cheapest feeds for ruminants and includes not only grasses but also legumes
Forages & Pastures
69
____ contains 8% CP
Grasses
70
____ contains aboit 20% CP
Legumes
71
Rice straw, corn stover, corn cobs, sugarcane tops, brewers’ grains, pineapple pulp (highly fibrous).
Roughages
72
silage, hay, haylage.
Conserved Forages
73
grains, agro-industrial by-products like copra meal,
ricebran, & wheat pollard.
Concentrates
74
* Origin is Queensland, Australia
* Sahiwal (dairy Zebu from Pakistan) & Holstein-Friesian
* Average milk yield is 3,000 liters for mature cows
AUSTRALIAN-FRIESIAN SAHIWAL
75
* From County of Ayr in Scotland
* Purebred Ayrshires only produce red and white offspring
* Moderate butterfat breed
AYRSHIRE
76
* color varies from yellow to reddish-brown with white patches
* produce their high-quality milk while consuming 20 to 30 percent less feed per pound of milk produced
* unique producer of rich yellow colored milk gave her the title "Golden Guernsey"
GUERNSEY
77
* color light brown in color with a creamy white muzzle and dark noze, dark-blue eye pigmentation
* Raised due to its good milk, protein, and butter fat production
* best fat-to-protein ratio
BROWN SWISS
78
* color patterns of black and white or red and white
* produce 9 gallons of milk, daily during a cow's standard lactation of 305 days
* Highest milk productions in the world
* Not as resistant to heat and diseases when in difficult agro-ecological areas
HOLSTEIN
79
* second largest breed of dairy cattle in the world
* known for their rich in protein, minerals and trace elements milk
* produce 6 gallons of 5% butterfat milk each day
JERSEY
80
* tick-resistant, heat-tolerant and noted for its high resistance to parasites
* Can produce average 2270kg of milk during a lactation
* Heaviest milker of all Zebu breeds
SAHIWAL
81
* Shorthorn milk has the most favorable protein-fat ratio of the dairy breeds
* 9000 kgs of milk per 305 days
* Efficient converter of feed to milk, especially pasture and other forage
MILKING SHORTHORN
82
* Large sized animal with rounded outline and prominent muscles
* Shoulder, back, loin and rump are heavily muscled
* The back is straight, rump is sloping, tail set is prominent, and skin is fine.
* Has fine but strong legs and can walk easy.
Belgian Blue Cattle
83
from Europe, medium-sized, black, with dark slate-grey skin and black hooves. Lactation lasts on average 277 days, and usually yields 1,600–1,800 kg (3,500–4,000 lb) of milk.
Mediterranean
84
It is a combination of types of mating which are planned to combine desirable qualitative & quantitative characters.
Breeding Systems
85
this means each possible mating in a population has the same probability or occurrence.
Random mating ( or unplanned)
86
Involving two or more breeds, where the crossbred may stabilize into a breed (eg. Brangus) by “inter se” mating or crisscross or triple cross.
Systematic crossbreeding
87
Mating of purebred sires to nondescript or native females & their offsprings generation after generation
Upgrading
88
Sexual maturity (bulls/heifer)
6-8 months
89
Estrus cycle
18-24 days (average is 21 days)
90
Estrus duration
European = 14-18 hours
Zebu/Indigenous = 10-12 hours
91
Ovulation
10-14 hours after end of estrus
92
Parturition period
cattle is 283 days
316-320 in carabao
93
Amount of ejaculate
2-12 ml, with 500 or more sperm cells/ml
94
Sperm survival at oviduct
48 hours max
95
Signs of Estrus (period of sexual receptivity of female)
* Reddening & swelling of vulva; mucous discharge
* Isolates herself; seem sickly and has no appetite
* Frequent urination; restlessness, bellowing/mooing
* Mount others; standing still when mounted
96
Indicators of Good Breeding Performance
* Conception rate
* Calving rate
* Calving interval
* First heat after parturition
97
# Indicators of Good Breeding Performance
% of females that conceived versus the total exposed females.
Conception rate
98
# Indicators of Good Breeding Performance
% of females that gave birth versus the total exposed females
Calving rate
99
# Indicators of Good Breeding Performance
number of days between successive calvings (one year is ideal, 18 months is common)
Calving interval
100
# Indicators of Good Breeding Performance
the occurrence of estrus after giving birth to a young (related to calving interval)
First heat after parturition
101
Breed heifers at ____months old or weighing ____kg
18-20; 220-250
102
Breed bulls at ____ months old or weighing ____ kg.
18; 280
103
limit the frequency of service of bulls to ____ times per week
two
104
At the age of 3 years, the bull may be used ____ times a week.
five
