Counseling Theories, Techniques, and Evidence-Based Practice Flashcards
Which counseling theory purports that clients are able to solve their own problems, as long as the counselor provides a few key characteristics to the relationship?
Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy
Person (Client) Centered Therapy
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Gestalt Therapy
Person (Client) Centered Therapy
In Person-Centered Therapy, phenomenology refers to the idea that…
the client’s perception of reality is more important than the event itself
avoiding advice and interpretation is necessary
clients should become all that they are capable of becoming
understanding the client’s feelings and problems is more important than solving them
the client’s perception of reality is more important than the event itself
The ABC Model is an aspect of which counseling theory?
Person-centered Counseling
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Adlerian Counseling Theory
Transactional Analysis
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Which type of therapist is particularly detached during therapy?
Client-centered
Psychoanalytic
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Adlerian
Psychoanalytic
The goal of which counseling theory is to assist people in changing self-defeating thoughts and behaviors?
Adlerian Therapy
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Gestalt Therapy
Reality Therapy
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
The Id is the part of the personality that…
prevents undesirable impulses
contains our basic impulses like sex, anger, and hunger
maintains a balance between our impulses and conscience
represents the conscience
contains our basic impulses like sex, anger, and hunger
Which is the most advanced form of analysis in Eric Berne’s theory?
script analysis
game analysis
transactional analysis
structural analysis
script analysis
You are working with a client who has some negative personality attributes which you feel are important to discuss. The client responds positively to you, but when her mother says something, she is very rude to her. Which defense mechanism would the client be displaying?
Sublimation
Introjection
Displacement
Reaction Formation
Displacement
A therapist from which orientation would inquire about your family constellation or birth order…
Reality
Gestalt
Behaviorism
Adlerian
Gestalt
In a situation where dogs are presented with meat as they hear a tone and they learn to salivate upon hearing the tone (without the meat) the conditioned stimulus would be…
the salivation
the tone and the meat simultaneously
the tone
the meat
the tone
The defense mechanism a psychoanalyst would cite in the situation of an abused child becoming an abuser would be…
Compensation
Identification
Denial
Introjection
Introjection
Who emphasized the idea of a collective unconscious?
Jung
Perls
Erikson
Adler
Jung
Which counseling theorist stated that human development progresses in sequential stages and that each stage must be satisfactorily resolved for development to proceed unimpaired to the next?
May
Maslow
Fromm
Erikson
Erikson
The name associated with Gestalt Therapy is…
Perls
Glasser
Rogers
Adler
Perls
Systematic desensitization is often used with people who have which diagnosis?
Anxiety
Depression
Bipolar
Schizophrenia
Anxiety
Reinforcing a behavior that resembles the target behavior is…
response cost
overcorrection
systematic desensitization
shaping
Shaping
Why does social learning work?
It occurs so frequently – we always are learning
People do not need to experience consequences directly
People want to fit in
It does not
People do not need to experience consequences directly
You and your client are discussing some issues related to his fears about interviewing. Some of the techniques you are using include active listening, non-directive responses, and clarification. What counseling theory would you be using?
Berne
Rogers
Freud
Perls
Rogers
Which type of counseling is more of a philosophy than a specific technique?
Existentialism
Freudian therapy
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Multimodal therapy
Existentialism
Saying what a client just said in a slightly different way is an example of
modeling
paraphrasing
summarizing
integrating
paraphrasing
Jane, a VR client, recently became a widow after her husband died in a car accident. She believes that because her husband died in a car accident, she might die in an automobile accident as well. Therefore, she has decided that she will not ride in an automobile. You recognize that her belief that if she rides in a car she may die is irrational. You tell your client that this is an irrational thought and you challenge the thought that because her spouse died in an automobile accident, she will too. As her counselor, you help her understand that her husband’s death has no impact on her death. Which counseling theory would you be using?
Gestalt Counseling Theory
Person Centered Therapy
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Reality Therapy
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
You and your client are discussing some issues related to his fears about interviewing. Normally, some of the techniques you are using include active listening, non-directive responses, and clarification. As you continue to work with your client you see that a theory that addresses the client’s ability to change self-defeating thoughts and behaviors would work better. What counseling theory would you be using?
Berne
Freud
Rogers
Ellis
Ellis
Whose name is associated with person (client) centered therapy?
Adler
Bandura
Rogers
Ellis
Rogers
In Person-Centered Therapy, congruence refers to…
empathy
similarity
reflection
genuineness
genuineness
______ is the foundation of the rehabilitation process.
Counseling
What is a skill that a counselor must possess to build an effective working alliance with clients?
• Attending and listening
• Open and closed questions
• Client observation skills
• Encouraging, paraphrasing, and summarizing
• Reflection of feeling
• The interview process (and asking questions)
• Confrontation
• Focusing
• Reflection of meaning and interpretation/reframing
• Influencing skills and counseling strategies
• Skill integration
Determining personal style and theory
Research suggests that a(n)______ and _____ style of counseling is common among vocational rehabilitation professionals.
Eclectic/ integrative
True or False: A one-size-fits-all theory should be applied to working with clients with disabilities since they all have similar needs.
False: the opposite is true. Disabilities similar in diagnosis can be similar but everyone’s experience is unique to the individual and can vary from person to person. Specific disabilities must be considered when choosing an approach.
Why would a counselor want to familiarize themselves with understanding a wide array of counseling approaches?
Identifying the overall approach and/or the components, techniques, and strategies that can best suit to individual consumer needs.
_______ Which theory advanced the field of psychology by developing and popularizing the first theory of personality and method of therapy. The focus of ______ is on instinctual drives, unconscious motivation and past experiences. Long-term, and therapist remains detached.
Psychoanalysis
What are the three parts of the psyche according to Freud in psychoanalysis?
ID
Ego
Superego
____ Part of the Psyche, (personality structure), created by freud that contains our primitative impulses and instinctual drives such as ex, anger, and hunger. Seeks satisfaction- to have needs met (once these are identified) without regard to how realistic this might be at the time.
ID
____ The rational part of the personality which maintains a balance between our impulses (ID) and out conscience (superego). Recognizes the constraints of reality and seeks to meet needs accordingly.
Ego
____ The rational part of the personality which maintains a balance between our impulses (ID) and out conscience (superego). Recognizes the constraints of reality and seeks to meet needs accordingly.
Ego
_____ The part of the personality that represents morality and a sense of right and wrong-our conscience
Superego
_____ The part of the personality that represents morality and a sense of right and wrong-our conscience
Superego
____ a client’s unconscious redirection of experiences, feelings, and attitudes, regarding someone else onto the therapist.
Transference
_____ the experiences feelings, attitudes of the therapist are placed upon the client in response to the client’s transference.
Countertransference
____ are psychological forces, used by the ego to deal with conflict and reduce tension and negative feelings, which prevent undesireable or inappropriate impulses form enterin consciousness.
Defense mechanisms
____ directing hostility toward a “safe” object (e.g., taking out your work frustration by being snippy with your spouse.)
Displacement
______ Redirecting sexual or aggressive energy into creative channels (e.g.,
exercising when sexual partner is unavailable); according to Freud, this is the only
healthy defense mechanism.
Sublimation
____________ Reverting to behavior that was outgrown. Moving from a more advanced stage to a lower stage (e.g., older children sucking thumbs).
Regression
_______ Believing or stating an acceptable explanation for a behavior as opposed to the real explanation.
Rationalization
__________ Attributing your own desires and impulses to others (e.g., accusing your spouse of cheating on you when you are actually considering cheating on your spouse).
Projection
_______ Lacking acknowledgement of a threatening reality.
Denial
_____ Actively expressing the opposite of a threatening impulse (e.g., accusing others of being gay when you are repressing homosexual feelings).
Reaction Formation
____ Blocking threatening or painful thoughts and feelings from entering consciousness.
Repression
______ Performing elaborate rituals as a way of undoing acts that you feel guilty about.
Ritual and Undoing
______ Developing positive traits to make up for limitations.
Compensation
_____ Enhancing self-worth and compensating for a sense of failure by identifying with people, organizations, or causes (e.g., a high school dropout joining a
gang).
Identification
______ Taking in another’s values and standards (e.g., an abused child becoming an abuser).
Introjection
Freud’s psychosexual stages of development suggests personality develops through the following stage:birth to approximately 1 year of age. The primary focus of libidinal energy centers on the mouth.
Oral Stage
Freud’s psychosexual stages of development suggests personality develops through the following stage:
Freud’s psychosexual stages of development suggests personality develops through the following stage: : 1-3 years of age: The primary focus of libidinal energy centers on the anus.
Anal Stage
Freud’s psychosexual stages of development suggests personality develops through the following stage: 3-6 years of age: During the phallic stage libidinal energy shifts toward the genitals. Attraction to the parent of the opposite sex occurs. Oedipus Complex: a boy’s sexual attraction to his mother, fear of castration by his father, a viewing his father as a rival. Electra Complex: a girls sexual attraction to her father, viewing themother as a rival.
Phallic Stage
