Cortical lesions

Question 1

what is a contusion

Answer 1

cortex damaged by direct blow

Question 2

what is broca’s aphasia

Answer 2

sudden onset impaired speech output + right hemiparesis

Question 3

what is motor aprosody

Answer 3

can’t inflect speech with emotion due to right inferior frontal gyrus lesion

Question 4

understand function of frontal lobe in cognition (rapping)

Answer 4

voluntary movement
language (L)
motor prosody (R)
comportment
executive function 
motivation

Question 5

understand function of parietal lobe in cognition (school child)

Answer 5

tactile sensation
Reading, writing, calculation (L)
visuospatial function, attention (R)

Question 6

understand function of temporal lobe in cognition (listening to shakespeare)

Answer 6

language comprehension (L) 
sensory prosody (R)
memory = hippocampus
emotion  = limbic + papaz circuit

Question 7

understand function of occipital lobe in cognition

Answer 7

vision
visual perception
visual recog

Question 8

3 major frontal lobe syndromes

what is syndrome
where is lesion
what are effects

Answer 8

1) disinhib = from orbitofrontal lesion = irritability, impulsivity, hypersexuality, hyperphagia, violence, loss empathy

2) executive dysfunction = dorsolat prefrontal lesion
= lack perservation, can’t shift thinking, no goals, no plan, sloppy

3) apathy = medial frontal lesion
= lack motivation, abulia, akinetic mutism

Question 9

4 major temporal lobe lesions

1) wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 9

impaired auditory comprehension due to Left superior temporal gyrus lesion (area 22)

Question 10

4 major temporal lobe lesions

2) sensory aprosodoy

Answer 10

decr ability to understand emotion inflection of speech due to lesion in Right temporal gyrus

Question 11

4 major temporal lobe lesions

3) amnesia and memory

Answer 11

no new learning

Question 12

4 major temporal lobe lesions

4) emotion

Answer 12

basic fight/flight, feeding, sexuality from limbic system connection btwn temporal lobe and diencephalon

Question 13

4 major temporal lobe lesions

describe temporal lobe epilepsy

Answer 13

temporolimbic lesion of temporocortical region affecting emotion
electrical activity rewires temporal lobe esp with limbic

lasting changes in personality, deepened emotion, hyperreligious,

Question 14

Understand the syndrome of hemineglect as a ___

Answer 14

prototype parietal lobe syndrome

hemineglect = don’t report, respond, or orient to sensory stimuli not explained by primary sensory dysfunction

ignore one side of body

Question 15

hemineglect of right side (common) = ?

hemineglect of left side = ?

Answer 15

R hemisphere = lose attention to L side of space

L side = cognition

R side pay attention to both sides
L side pay attention to R side

Question 16

Describe occipitoparietal vs occipitotemporal streams

Answer 16

occipitoparietal = dorsal stream “where” in visual system

occipitotemproal = ventral stream = “what in visual system

Question 17

difference btwn
visual field deficits

visual agnosia

Answer 17

visual field deficits = absence of vision so can’t see something

visual agnosia = image seen but brain can’t recognize

Question 18

where is lesion
object agnosia
face agnosia = prosopagnosia
simultagnosia

effects of each?

Answer 18

object agnosia = L occipitotemporal lesion = can’t understand what something is

face agnosia = prosopagnosia = R occipitotemporal lesion, no idea who people ar

simultagnosia = bilateral occipitoparietal lesion = can’t recognize visual array so no idea where things are or how to process lesion