Anterior eye

Question 1

Insepction of eye for

Answer 1

eyelid
conjunctiva
cornea
anterior chamber

Question 2

visual acuity/color vision

procedure

Answer 2

+/- glasses

1) occlude one eye = confrontation technique
2) pinhole exam to eliminate refractive error
3) stain 20 ft (8th row down on Snellen’s = 20/20)
4) map blind spot
5) red desaturation test

Question 3

what does 20/60 mean

Answer 3

you have to be at 20 ft what you should be able to see at 60 ft

Question 4

what is rosenblaum

Answer 4

pocket Snellen’s acuity at 14 in

Question 5

what is red desat test for?

Answer 5

distinguish optic neuritis

one eye has good color vision, other doesn’t

Question 6

how to check visual fields?

confrontation technqiue?

Answer 6

patient look at nose and detect finger in periph

confrontation = cover one eye while fixate on examiner eye with non covered eye
patient then count number of fingers in 4 diff quadrants

Question 7

pupils inspect for?

what is light reflex

swinging flashlight test?

Answer 7

round, reactive to light equal size

light reflex = both pupils should constrict if light in one eye

swinging flashlight = alternating constrict and dilate as light swings

Question 8

what is abnormal swinging flashlight test mean?

Answer 8

if lack of constriction as light switch from eye to eye = afferent pupillary defect

Question 9

normal near vision reflexes

Answer 9

convergance
accomodation
constriction

Question 10

purpose of alignment and motility testing?

how to test alignment and motility

Answer 10

test ROM of eyes (follow finger) to see single EOM function should come out 15-20 degrees

test movements

1) horiz and vertical conjugate movements
2) pursuit
3) saccadic (voluntary/reflexive)
4) oculovestibular and oculocephalic reflex (passive head movement, warm or cold irrig)

Question 11

other tests of alignment and motility

Answer 11

1) normal nystagmus vs abnormla
2) strabismus = misaligned eye
3) corneal light reflex
4) forced duction test (make sure muscle not damage after surgery0

Question 12

fundoscopic exam

examine what with ophthalmoscope

Answer 12

cornea
iris
vitreous
retina 
leave fovea/macula for last 

vessels (optic vein venous pulsations = green, red light on ophthalmoscope )

find glow = red reflex

Question 13

what is normal cup to disc ratio

absence of red reflex?

Answer 13

1 to 3

absence of red reflex = congenital cataracts

Question 14

blind spot located where?

Answer 14

15-20 degrees medial to fovea

Question 15

how to measure intraocular pressure

Answer 15

measured by tonopen or palpation

never perform if open globe

Question 16

CN 6 palsy appears as?

CN 3 palsy appears as?

Answer 16

CN 6 palsy = laterally deviated eye, diplopia

CN 3 palsy = ptosis, laterally deviated eye

Question 17

INO appears as

Answer 17

eyes not track together, diplopia

Question 18

afferent pupillary defect?

Answer 18

pupils constrict less (so appears as dilated) with swinging flashlight test

usu optic nerve lesion

Question 19

huntington’s eye problem?

Answer 19

slow saccadic movements

Question 20

downbeat nystagmus with chiari malformation means?

Answer 20

up-down (vertical) nystagmus

Question 21

opsoclonus-myoclonuspataxia

Answer 21

rapid involuntary unpredictable eye movements with brief involuntary twitching

Question 22

horner’s syndrome = oculosympathetic palsy

Answer 22

ptosis miosis anhydrosis