Anterior eye-eye disorders Flashcards
define conjunctivitis
inflamm due to infction
Bacterial Conjunctivitis
1) usu due to?
2) presentation
3) treatment
1) usu due to s aureus or strep pneumo
2) usu thick/yellow discharge
3) empiric antibiotic eye drops (3rd and 4th gen fluoroquinolones)
Viral conjunctivitis
1) usu after?
2) presentation
3) treatment
1) usu after URI
2) clear discharge
3) hand hygiene, self-limiting, cool compresses and artificial tears
severe = steroid eye drops
Bacterial keratitis
1) usu after?
2) treatment
mild
severe
1) usu after injury or abrasion
2) mild = broad spectrum antibitoics ( erythromycin = first line, sulfacetamide, polymixin-trimethoprim, azithro for kids/sulfa, fluoroquinolones)
2) severe = fluoroquinolones, cipro, tobra, vanco
allergic conjunctivitis
treatment
1) avoidance of allergen
2) topical antihistamines
3) topical mast cell stabilizers
4) topical steroids (if advanceda
HSV keratitis
1) affects what?
2) which form of HSV
3) can cause what symptoms
4) diagnosis?
1) affects corneal epith
2) HSV1
3) unilateral eye redness, pain, photophobia, decr vision, tearing, perm blindness
4) fluoroscein to show dendritic epith ulcer in branching pattern with terminal bulbs
treatment HSV keratitis
usu self resolve in less than 3 week
topic trifluride Q2H
oral acyclovir
may develop corneal scar
allergic conjunctivitis
usu ___
more common if have history of
symptoms
usu seasonal
more common with hay fever, asthma, eczema
itching, eyelid swelling, redness, water discharge
open angle glaucoma aka chronic simple aka wide angle
1) risk factors
2) prophylaxis
3) treatment
1) high IOP, famiy history, myopia, HTN
2) prophylactic decr IOP
3) PG analog first
then add beta blocker or carb anhydrase inhibitor or alpha 2 agonist
surgery
closed angle glaucoma aka acute congestive or narrow angle
1) due to …
2) what can reduce pressure rapid at time of attack and until surgery
3) what can precipitate
1) due to mechanical blockage of trabecular mesh by periph iris
extreme fluctations in IOP
2) drugs can decr acutely (pilocarpine, acetazolamide, mannitol or glycerol)
3) M-receptor antagonists can precipitate
angle closure glaucoma = intraocular pressure assoc optic neuropathy
what is the closed angle
risk factors
closed angle = closed area btwn iris and cornea for fluid to escape via trabec meshwork
risk = asian, 60+ years, hyperopia
unilat, severe eye pain, nausea, redness, blurred vision, halos
angle closure glaucoma = intraocular pressure assoc optic neuropathy
exam
treatment
1) mid-dilated pupil
conjunctival injection
hazy cornea
eye = hard on palpation
treat = laser peripheral iridotomy to allow aqueous to access aqueous humor
