COPD FINAL

Question 1

COPD is the name we use for a person w/

Answer 1

emphysema and bronchitis

Question 2

Chronic inflammation of the bronchi & bronchioles

Answer 2

chronic bronchitis

Question 3

Decreased lung elasticity and hyperinflation of the lung

Answer 3

emphysema

Question 4

What causes COPD?

Answer 4

smoking

Question 5

COPD Risk factors

Answer 5

-genetic/environmental
-smoking
-asthma (12x risk for COPD)
-AAT deficiency (gene is recessive)

Question 6

Sx of COPD

Answer 6

-easily fatigued
-frequent respiratory infections
-use of accessory muscles
-orthopneic
-thin in appearance
-Cor Pulmonale (R sided heart failure)
-wheezing
-pursed lip breathing
-chronic cough
-barrel chest (AP ratio 1:1)
-dyspnea
-prolonged expiratory time
-clubbing

Question 7

COPD Labs

Answer 7

-ABGs
-sputum samples
-CBC
- hemoglobin and hematocrit
-serum electrolytes
-serum AAT (rule out genetic disorder)

Question 8

COPD Diagnostics

Answer 8

PFTs
Chest X-ray

Question 9

COPD Meds

Answer 9

Same as asthma
-beta adrenergic agents
-cholinergic antagonists
-methylxanthines
-corticosteroids
-NSAIDs
-mucolytics

Question 10

COPD complications

Answer 10

hypoxemia and acidosis

Question 11

Diaphragmatic or Abdominal Breathing

Answer 11

-Lie on your back w/ knees bent. If you can not lie comfortably, sit in a chair
-Place your hands or book on your abdomen to create resistance
-Begin breathing from your abdomen while keeping chest still

Question 12

Pursed Lip Breathing

Answer 12

-Close your mouth and breathe in through your nose
-Purse your lips as you would to whistle. Breathe out slowly through your mouth w/o puffing your cheeks. Spend at least twice the amount of time it took to breath in.
-Use abdominal muscles to squeeze every bit of air out you can

Question 13

What is a vibratory positive expiratory pressure device used for in COPD pts?

Answer 13

It is used to help pts remove airway secretions.

Question 14

Complications & Nursing Care

Answer 14

-Positioning/Exercise conditioning
-Effective coughing; Encourage cough before meals/bedtime
-Oxygen therapy; SpO2 88-92%/2-4L NC
-Drug therapy
-Suctioning only when needed
-Hydration/Nutrition; 2L fluid/day & small, nutrient dense meals

Question 15

The patient w/ COPD is expected to attain and maintain GAS EXCHANGE at usual baseline level. Indicators include

Answer 15

-Maintains SpO2 of at least 88%
-Remains free of cyanosis
-Maintains cognitive orientation
-Cough & clears secretions effectively
-Maintains a resp. rate & rhythm appropriate to activity level