Controversies in development Flashcards
what are negative aspectives of maternal employment?
are these justified?
1. decrease quality of maternal caregiving (esp. in first year).
- produce generations of “latchkey”
children, leading to increases in delinquency
these are not justified though
does maternal employment influence child care?
Quality of mother-child interactions does not diminish in working mothers (Gottfried et al., 2002).
• Working mother spend more time engaging infants in social interaction
benefit of maternal employment for girls?
children with employed mothers more
likely to reject traditional gender roles.
tend to have higher career
aspirations
how does the type of employment influence child care?
: 3 – 5-year-old children of mothers
who work night shifts show increased:
• Aggressive behaviour.
• Anxiety & depression
adolescents with mothers who work
nights have lower quality home environment.
• Effect does not hold for mothers who worked evening shifts that finish at midnight.
• Suggests _maternal presence is important. _
benefit of part-time working mothers?
• Mothers working part-time
• Have fewer depressive symptoms than non-working mothers.
• Show more sensitive parenting during preschool years and their children show less externalising problems than mothers who work
full-time
Does amount of time in child care influence
development?
In countries with uniformly good child care (e.g.Norway) no relationship between time in child care and problem behaviour.
• In the USA, where care is variable, long hours in poor quality care predicts poor outcomes (e.g., non-compliance, aggression,
anxiety/depression).
• Unstable childcare environment (e.g., number of changes in carers) also has negative effects.
• Interacts with socioeconomic status children from poor families benefit from longer
time in child care
what is the most important factor of child care?
quality of care
development of cognitive abilities,
language, and attention
what influence does media have on development in regards to TV shows?
educational TV shows are conducive to a child’s learning.
eg. Watching Sesame Street was associated with high
vocabulary,
has media usage among children increased?
yes there has been a rapid incrase in media usage among children
what are 4 ways violent media can effect children?
- Seeing violent acts results in social learning through
imitation - Viewing aggression primes children’s own aggressive thoughts, feelings, and tendencies.
- Media violence increases physiological arousal – increases chances of reacting violently to provocation
**4. Long-term exposure leads to emotional desensitisation. **
Negative effects of increased screen time?
- Physical inactivity associated with increased screen time linked to increases in childhood obesity.
- TV commercials for junk food
- hinders academic achievement, less time devoted to study
what are the effects Lesbian Bisexual Gay Transgender Intersex Questioning (LBGTIQ) may have on children?
a controservial topic in australia
no sound scientific evidence to suggest
that having LGBTIQ parents can negatively
affect child development.
what do studies show in terms of LBGTIQ parents?
cross-sectional studies show no difference in
- Adjustment
• Personality
• Relationships with peers. - low levels of being bullied
what do these cross-sectional studies on children with LBGTIQ parents suggest?
- Child adjustment is determined by factors other than parents’ sexual orientation.
- Quality of parent-child relationship.
- whether parents get along well
- Parental supportiveness and stress levels.
what did Gartell & BOS (2010) show?
Longitudinal study of children conceived through donor insemination to lesbian mothers.
• N = 78, followed from birth until 17-years.
Mothers completed Child Behavior Checklist,
• Children of lesbian mothers rated higher on:
• Social competence.
• Academic achievement.
lower in :
Social problems.
• Rule-breaking and aggressive behaviour.
• Externalising behaviour
