Control Methods For Pests And Diseases Flashcards
Codling moth - control
Chemical
Deltamethrin- early summer and 3 weeks later.
Pheromone traps detect when adult codling moths are active and may be laying eggs. They may reduce numbers too. Timing is important as young caterpillars needed to be killed before they bore into fruits.
Biological
Steinernema feltiae, pathogenic nematode. Sprayed in trees and soil in autumn
Two spotted spider mite - control
Chemical
Not appropriate as lifecycle is so rapid but Pyrethins can be used.
Cultural
Damping down to increase humidity
Biological
Phytoseiulus persimilis, predatory mite. Best under glass
Peach Potato aphid
Chemical
Treat woody hosts with Winter Wash to kill overwintering eggs.
Fatty acids to kill aphids.
Cultural
Encourage natural predators eg. Blue tits, lacewings
Biological
Aphidius ervi - parasitoid wasp. Lay eggs on body of aphid and consume vital organs. Use when aphids are first noticed.
Horse Chestnut Leaf Miner - control
Cultural - fallen leaves should be burned or composted at high temperatures.
If planting choose a cultivar with a degree of resistance.
Chemical sprays are not safe or practical on large trees.
Biological - no controls currently available.
Vine weevil control
Cultural
Inspect plants and destroy beetles at night, hygiene important to reduce area where eggs can be laid.
Chemical
Systemic pesticide eg Acetamiprid applied as compost drench to container.
Biological
Steinernema kraussei watered in in autumn before grubs are large enough to cause too much damage. ( caterpillar)
Biological control traps containing Steinernema carpocapsae for adults
Glass house mealybug- control
Cultural
Inspect new plants carefully, ideally quarantined before putting in with other plants.
Chemical
Dab small infestations with methylated spirit.
Systemic pesticide - acetamiprid on ornamental plants.
Fatty acids used regularly.
Biological
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri - predatory ladybird, suitable for under glass. Release when mealy bugs are noticed. Best released in evening.
Thrips - control
Chemical control is difficult :
thrips hide in flower sheltered from chemicals, lifecycle is not susceptible to chemical control & high resistance. Mixture of different types of chemicals at different times.
Cultural, washing of plants
Avoid introducing infected plants.
Fine netting in entry points of protected growing sites.
Stem and Bulb eel worm - control.
Cultural Buy bulbs from reputable supplier. Bulbs should be firm when planted. Dig out affected bulbs and soil 1m around. Do not compost these bulbs.
Hot water treatment.
Immersed in hot water at 44.5°c for 3 hours
Rose rust - control
Cultural
Choose resistant cultivars
Pick off affected leaves as soon as visible.
Remove fallen leaves so spores cannot overwinter in them.
Prune affected stems
Ensure air flow through roses
Preventative fungal sprays can be used when conditions are favorable to rust development. Eg tebuconazole.
Phytophthora ramorum - control
Notify authorities (DEFRA - PHSI)
Close area to public.
Get confirmation of infection.
Phytosanitary certification - plant passports - fo movement in and around UK.
Clematis wilt -control
Hard prune infected areas, fungal infection doesn’t affect roots.
Mulch area.
Use resistant cultivars eg. C. montana and C. alpina
Cucumber mosaic virus - control
Cultural
Destroy affected plants immediately.
Grow resistant cultivars. Supremo - courgette, bush champion - cucumber
Good hygiene, wash tools and hands after contact with virus.
Good pest and weed control. Groundswell and chickweed harbour virus
Potato leaf-roll virus-control
Cultural
Grow resistant cultivars - certified cultivars
Control aphids.
Remove and destroy affected plants.
Weed as solanaceous weeds can carry disease
Weeds -control
Chemical
Glyphosate
2, 4-D selective herbicide for broad-leaved weeds.
