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Reproductive > Contraception > Flashcards

Contraception Flashcards

1
Q

How do LARCs block pregnancy?

A

Ovulation prevention

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2
Q

What role does emergency contraception play?

A

Acts to delay ovulation.

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3
Q

Is withdrawal an effective method of contraception?

A

No

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4
Q

Which form of contraception is contraindicated in those who suffer from migraines?

A

Combined OC pill

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5
Q

What is the most effective form of contraception?

A

Nexplanon (subdermal implant)

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6
Q

Which contraception can be used as an emergency contraception aswell as a LARC?

A

Copper coil

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7
Q

What is a LARC?

A

A long-acting reversible contraception.

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8
Q

How long do coils (IUDs) work for?

A

3-10 years

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9
Q

In what patients are coils unsuitable?

A

Those with fibroids or a uterine malformation.

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10
Q

What are potential side-effects of a copper coil?

A

Heavier periods
Longer periods
More painful periods

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11
Q

What may be given to treat copper coil side-effects?

A

NSAIDs

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12
Q

Are intrauterine systems more effective than coils (also called IUDs)?

A

Yes

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13
Q

What is an example of an intrauterine system?

A

Mirena coil

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14
Q

What is different about an IUS compared to an IUD?

A

An IUS is a hormonal therapy - no hormones involved in an IUD.

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15
Q

What can a mirena coil be used to treat?

A

Heavy periods

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16
Q

What is the main side-effect of nexplanon?

A

Unpredictable post-vaginal bleeding.

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17
Q

What can be given to control the side-effects of the implant?

A

Concurrent combined OC pill.

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18
Q

What are the LARCs?

A

IUD
IUS
Implant

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19
Q

What are the hormonal non-LARCs?

A

Combined OC pill
Vaginal ring
The patch

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20
Q

When should the combined OC pill be initiated?

A

In the first 5 days following a period.

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21
Q

If combined OC is started mid-cycle, how long will it take to work?

A

7 days.

Advise to use alternative contraception within this timeframe.

22
Q

How should the combined OC be taken?

A

Take for 21 days, then stop for 1 week.

Will have withdrawal bleed in the week between.

23
Q

What is the main determinant in oral contraceptive effectiveness?

A

Compliance

24
Q

What is of increased risk when taking the OC pill?

A

Thrombosis

Cancer (both breast and cervical)

25
Q

Can the combined OC pill raise blood pressure?

A

Yes

Monitor closely if initiating at a high BP.

26
Q

Why is migraine with aura a contraindication of the combined OC?

A

Increased risk of ischaemic stroke.

27
Q

What is an aura?

A

A change preceding a headache by 5-20 minutes.

Produces altered sensation - it is commonly visual.

28
Q

Which contraception decreases the risk of both ovarian and endometrial cancer?

A

Combined OC pill

29
Q

What should be tested prior to prescribing a combined OC pill?

A

BP
BMI
Check smear status
Consider risk factors (if applicable)

30
Q

What is first-line treatment in PCOS?

A

Combined OC pill

31
Q

How does desogestrel (POP) work?

A

Inhibits ovulation

Thickens cervical mucus

32
Q

Why may POP be preferred to a combined OC pill?

A

Fewer adverse effects

33
Q

When is POP contraindicated?

A

Patients with breast cancer

34
Q

What is depo provera?

A

Progesterone injection

35
Q

What is a diaphragm?

A

A barrier method inserted prior to sex and removed after sex.

36
Q

What is an adverse effect of progesterone injection?

A

Can affect bone mass density.

37
Q

How is vasectomy success confirmed?

A

Semen sample with no sperm.

38
Q

Is vasectomy effective?

A

Yes - 0.05% failure rate.

39
Q

What is more effective - male or female sterilisation?

A

Male sterilisation

40
Q

What is the first-line emergency contraceptive?

A

Copper IUD

41
Q

What are the 3 forms of emergency contraception?

A

Copper IUD
Ellaone
Levonelle

42
Q

How quickly must emergency contraception be taken following unprotected sex?

A

Copper IUD insertion or Ellaone can be taken within 5 days of sex.

Levonelle must be taken within the first 72 hours.

43
Q

Is vasectomy reversible?

44
Q

What are examples of contraceptives that act by inhibiting fertilisation?

A

Condoms

Diaphragm

45
Q

What guideline is referred to when assessing a minor (<16yo) presenting with a sex issue?

A

Fraser guidelines

46
Q

What is spermicide?

A

A substance that is toxic to sperm, killing it off.

47
Q

How long should a diaphragm be left in following sex?

48
Q

How does ellaone work?

A

Delays the LH surge - hence delaying ovulation.

49
Q

What form of contraception is ineffective when ellaone is taken?

A

Progesterone-containing treatments.

This is due to ellaone being a progesterone receptor blocker.

50
Q

Aside from compliance, what other factors affect contraceptive pill efficacy?

A

Concurrent enzyme-inducing drug therapy

Vomiting

Reproductive (28 decks)

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