Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Reproductive > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum?

A

The pelvic floor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What components of the female reproductive system are found in the pelvic cavity?

A

Ovaries
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Superior aspect of the vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What components of the female reproductive system are found in the perineum?

A 
Inferior aspect of the vagina
Perineal muscles
Bartholin's glands
Clitoris
Labia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the only primary organs of the female reproductive system?

A

The ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What forms the floor of the peritoneal cavity, and also the roof of the pelvic cavity?

A

Parietal peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In females, where does fluid collect in the peritoneal cavity?

A

Pouch of Douglas (when in the anatomical position).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many peritoneal pouches exist in females?

A

2
Rectouterine pouch
Uterovesical pouch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the only peritoneal pouch found in males?

A

Rectovesical pouch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the name of the procedure through which fluid in the pouch of Douglas is collected?

A

Culdocentesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The double layer of parietal peritoneum found anterior and posterior to the uterine tubes is called what?

A

Broad ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the role of the broad ligament?

A

To maintain the uterus in a midline position.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the round ligament?

A

An embryological remnant that attaches to the uterine horns (found laterally).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 3 layers of the uterus?

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Implantation of a zygote outwith the uterus is referred to as what?

A

Ectopic pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the most common position observed for the uterus?

A

Anteverted and anteflexed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What 3 components support the uterus position?

A

Strong ligaments
Endopelvic fascia
Muscles of the pelvic fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Weakness of the uterine support may lead to what?

A

Uterine prolapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What change occurs at the transformation zone of the cervix?

A

Squamous epithelium changes to columnar epithelium.

This is a squamo-columnar junction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the opening of the uterine tube at the ovary called?

A

The osteum

This is where the egg enters the tube.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the role of the fimbriae?

A

As the osteum is also open to the peritoneal cavity, the fimbriae are present in order to ensure the egg enters the uterine tube.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where does fertilisation occur?

A

Ampulla (this is the middle of the uterine tube).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Radio-opaque dye can be passed through the uterine tubes, if it is observed to reach the peritoneal cavity, what can be assumed?

A

Uterine tubes are patent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the function of the ovary?

A

To secrete oestrogen and progesterone in response to the anterior pituitary hormones.

Releases ova.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How many fornices exist?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Drainage of the pouch of Douglas can be achieved through which fornix?

A

Posterior fornix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which nerves supply the levator ani muscles?

A 
Nerve to levator ani (S3, S4 and S5)
Pudendal nerve (S2, S3 and S4)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What forms the floor of the pelvic cavity and the roof of the perineum?

A

Levator ani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which nerve supplies the most of the perineum?

A

Pudendal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

A bundle collagen and elastic tissue where all perineal muscle fibres attach.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the female erectile tissue?

A

Bartholin’s glands

These secrete a lubricating fluid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is found between the breast tissue and deep fascia?

A

Retromammary space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the role of the retromammary space?

A

To allow the breast tissue to move relative to the underlying muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the functional unit of the breast?

A

Terminal ductal lobular units (TDLU)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Where does the lymph from the inner breast quadrants drain to?

A

Parasternal lymph nodes with some drainage to the abdominal lymph nodes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Where is most lymph from the breast drained to?

A

Ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Axillary lymph nodes, in addition to the breast, supply which part of the body?

A

The upper limb.

If lymph node clearance needed, this can cause lymphoedema of the upper limb.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What arteries supply the breast?

A

Internal thoracic artery (also called the internal mammary artery)
Thoracic/Thoracoacromial arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the main route of venous drainage from the breast?

A

Axillary vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the 3 layers of the pelvic floor?

A

Pelvic diaphragm
Muscles of perineal pouches
Perineal membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the deepest layer of the pelvic floor?

A

Pelvic diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What 2 muscles are involved in the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Levator ani

Coccygeus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

At the anterior aspect of the levator ani muscles, a gap exists - what is this called?

A

Urogenital hiatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What passes through the urogenital hiatus?

A

Urinary tract

Genital tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is the most important pelvic floor structure?

A

Perineal body

This links all of the pelvic floor structures.

45
Q

During what would the pelvic floor actively contract?

A

Coughing/sneezing/vomiting

This is to ensure urinary and fecal continence.

46
Q

What is the role of the puborectalis muscle?

A

It is a muscle that is always tonically contracted to maintain continence following rectal filling.

Becomes active contraction as filling continues.

47
Q

What is a urethrocele?

A

Herniation of the urethra

48
Q

What is a cystocele?

A

Herniation of the bladder

49
Q

What is a rectocele?

A

Herniation of the rectum

50
Q

What is an enterocele?

A

Herniation of the recto-uterine pouch (intestines found here).

51
Q

How is herniation usually observed?

A

Through the vagina.

52
Q

What is a 1st degree uterine prolapse?

A

Descent of the uterus into the vagina only.

53
Q

What is a 2nd degree uterine prolapse?

A

Descent of the cervix, further down the vagina.

54
Q

What is a 3rd degree uterine prolapse?

A

Cervix observed outside the vagina.

55
Q

What is a 4th degree uterine prolapse?

A

The entire uterus is outside the vagina.

56
Q

How is prolapse often described?

A

A dragging sensation or the feeling of a lump.

57
Q

What artery is the main supply of the pelvis and perineum?

A

Internal iliac artery

58
Q

Which joint is responsible for weight transfer from the vertebral body to the ilium and then the femurs?

A

Sacroiliac joint

59
Q

What ligaments form the greater/lesser sciatic foraminae?

A

Sacrospinous ligament

Sacrotuberous ligament

60
Q

In normal anatomical position, the anterior border of the pubis and what other part of the pelvis lie in the same vertical plane?

A

ASIS

61
Q

What does the uterine artery supply?

A

Uterus

62
Q

What does the ovarian artery supply?

A

Ovaries

Uterine tubes

63
Q

Which artery does the vaginal artery branch off?

A

Uterine artery

64
Q

Does the ureter pass above the uterine artery?

A

No, the ureter passes below the uterine artery.

It is referred to as ‘water under the bridge’.

65
Q

What is THE artery of the perineum?

A

Internal pudendal artery

66
Q

What are the 3 main nerves of the pelvis?

A

Sciatic nerve
Pudendal nerve
Nerve to the levator ani

67
Q

What is the pelvic girdle?

A

The pelvic ring which connects the lower limbs to the axial skeleton.

68
Q

What are the bones of the hips?

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

69
Q

What are the ischial tuberosities?

A

The bony bumps sat on.

70
Q

What is the pelvic inlet?

A

Entrance to the pelvic cavity from the abdomen.

71
Q

What is the pelvic outlet?

A

The inferior aspect of the pelvic cavity.

72
Q

What is the pelvic cavity?

A

The space within the bony pelvis. It is continuous with the abdominal cavity above.

73
Q

What is palpable in the lateral fornices of the vagina?

A

Ischial spines

74
Q

Where does the sacrospinous ligament run between?

A

Sacrum

Ischial spine

75
Q

Where does the sacrotuberous ligament run between?

A

Sacrum

Ischial tuberosity

76
Q

What hormone causes the relaxation of ligaments during pregnancy?

A

Relaxin

77
Q

Where is the obturator foramen found?

A

The anterior aspect of the pelvis.

78
Q

What covers the obturator foramen?

A

Obturator membrane

A small space remains (called the obturator canal) where a neurovascular bundle passes through.

79
Q

Which arch is wider in females, and why?

A

Pubic arch

To allow more room for childbearing.

80
Q

Where does a negative station indicate?

A

Foetal head is above the ischial spines.

81
Q

What does a positive station indicate?

A

Foetal head is below the ischial spines.

82
Q

Nerves within the pelvis are of which modality?

A

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Visceral afferent

83
Q

Nerves within the perineum are of which modality?

A

Somatic sensory

Somatic motor

84
Q

Pelvic organs at the superior aspect of the cavity produce pain in which region?

A

Suprapubic region

Enters the spinal cord at levels T11-L2.

85
Q

At which vertebral level does the spinal cord become the cauda equina?

A

L2

86
Q

Where should lumbar puncture/epidural be carried out?

A

Between L3-L4.

87
Q

What are the most superficial muscles of the lateral body wall?

A

External oblique

88
Q

The blending of the external oblique at the midline produces which structure?

A

Linea alba

89
Q

What are the external oblique fibres on each side continuous with?

A

The contralateral internal oblique.

90
Q

What muscle is found deep to the internal oblique?

A

Transversus abdominis

91
Q

Where is the neurovascular plane of the abdomen found?

A

Between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis - within the anterolateral abdominal wall.

92
Q

Which muscles are divided by tendinous interceptions which act to improve mechanical efficiency (forms the ‘6 pack’)?

A

Rectus abdominis

93
Q

What structure separates the two rectus abdominus muscles at the midline?

A

Linea alba

94
Q

What is the umbilical ring?

A

A defect in the linea alba that allowed foetal vessels to pass.

Forms the umbilicus.

95
Q

What is the rectus sheath?

A

The combined aponeuroses of the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles.

96
Q

What structure is effectively a midline thickening of the rectus sheath?

A

Linea alba

97
Q

Above the umbilicus, how many rectus sheaths are found?

A

2

An anterior and posterior sheath.

98
Q

Below the umbilicus, how many rectus sheaths are found?

A

1

Anterior only.

99
Q

What arteries supply the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Superior epigastric arteries

Inferior epigastric artery

100
Q

What arteries supply the lateral abdominal wall?

A

Intercostal arteries

Subcostal arteries

101
Q

If the patient is not pregnant, can the uterus be palpated?

A

No,it only becomes palpable after 12 weeks gestation.

102
Q

After 12 weeks pregnancy, where can the uterus be palpated?

A

The pubic symphysis

103
Q

What is the most common form of C-section carried out?

A

LSCS

104
Q

What muscles are not cut during LSCS?

A

Rectus abdominis

These are separated laterally.

105
Q

Is the bladder drained prior to LSCS?

A

Yes

106
Q

What should be sutured following LSCS?

A

Uterine wall
Visceral peritoneum
Rectus sheath
Skin

107
Q

Where is the inferior epigastric artery found?

A

Medial to the deep inguinal ring, just superior to the femoral artery.

108
Q

After how many weeks gestation can gender be determined?

A

7 weeks

109
Q

At which vertebral level does the testes originate?

A

T10

Reproductive (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions