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Jordan Cornish APC > Construction Technology > Flashcards

Construction Technology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the elemental build-up of Superstructure in construction?

A 
Frame
Upper Floors
Roof
Stairs
External Walls
Internal Walls
Internal Doors
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2
Q

What are the benefits of a concrete frame?

A

Good fire resistance
Thermal massing – stores heat
Long service life with low maintenance cost
Can be the most economical structural material (dams and piers)
Can be precast off site

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3
Q

What are the disadvantages of a concrete frame?

A 
Low tensile strength (pulling apart strength)
Requires mixing, casting and curing
Can crack
Very heavy
Can’t be recycled
less uniform in behaviour
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4
Q

What are the benefits of a steel frame?

A 
High strength to weight ratio
Predictable properties
Speed of erection
Ease of repair
Can be prefabricated off site
Can be recycled
Bolt together so can be used to expand existing structures
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5
Q

What are the disadvantages of steel frames?

A

Effected by currency fluctuations more
Requires fireproofing
Can rust so requires maintenance
longer lead time

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6
Q

How is slip resistance measured?

A

R – Rating

9 to 13, 13 being high

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7
Q

What size is a brick?

A

215x102.5x65mm

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8
Q

How many bricks are there m2?

A

60

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9
Q

What are Foundations?

A

Function to safely sustain and transmit to the ground the combined dead, imposed and wind loads of the structure above

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10
Q

What are some types of foundations?

A

Pad – lighter or wide span lightweight buildings - warehouses
Raft – concrete slab for good soil
Pile – for weak or cohesive, water bearing soils
Strip – for houses where loads are transferred to the ground from the perimeter walls

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11
Q

What are some types of piles?

A 
Pre-cast
Bored piles
CFA piles
Secant piles
Sheet piling
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12
Q

How does Continuous Flight Augured piling work?

A

Augur is used to extract the soil then the concrete is poured in from the bottom
A reinforced steel cage is then dropped into the wet concrete and the casing removed

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13
Q

How does Rotary Bored piling work?

A

Used for the highest load carrying capacity is required
Augers and buckets used to excavate the soil
Steel casing is inserted to hold the shape of the hole
Concrete poured on top of a reinforcement cage

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14
Q

What are the benefits of RBP?

A

Minimal ground disturbance / damage to surrounding structures
Suitable for all soil types
Can drill through most obstructions

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15
Q

What are the negatives of RBP?

A

Most expensive

requires bitumen which is then contaminated so expensive disposal

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16
Q

Types of Waterproofing in basement?

A

Tanking – asphalt or bitumen applied internally or externally to create a continuous membrane
Cavity drain – moisture below the concrete slab is drained into a sump then pumped or discharged away

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17
Q

What is composite decking?

A

Profiled steel decking forms permanent formwork and adds sheer strength
In-situ reinforced concrete poured on top
Generally used in steel frames but not limited to

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18
Q

What is an alternative to composite decking on a steel frame?

A

Pre-Cast concrete planks

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19
Q

What is top down construction?

A

Used to speed up construction
Ground floor slab is cast with an access hatch
Below grand is excavated whilst the core is built upwards
The piles form the retaining wall
Allows building to be constructed simultaneously above and below ground

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20
Q

What is bottom up construction?

A

Where the basement is formed the work proceeds upwards, simpler but slower

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21
Q

Which building regulations refer to Noise and vibrations?

A

Part E – Resistance to Sound

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22
Q

Which building regulations refer to Fire?

A

Part B – Fire Safety

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23
Q

What is intumescent paint?

A

Fireproofing to steel – applied in the factory, manually touched up

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24
Q

What is the build-up of a stud partition?

A

Baseplate and top plate
Vertical and horizontal timber or metal studs
Plasterboard or gyroc boards screwed and fixed into studs
Firestop and smoke seal added to the top of the partition

25
Q

What is a suspended ceiling made up of?

A

A bracket is fixed to the soffit
Metal grid or beams are fixed to the brackets
Tiles or panels are then installed within the grid
Variety of M&E or acoustic or fire barriers can be filled in the plenum

26
Q

What types of bearings were used in Soho Place theatre?

A

Pad bearings – similar to rubber cushions in the main frame

Spring bearings on the auditorium concrete box

27
Q

How does a Fan coil unit work?

A

2 or 4 pipe heat exchange coil and a fan (AHU) to draw air across the coil
Controlled by manual / automatic switches or thermostats
Thermostat controls the through flow of water to the heat exchanger using control valve / fan speed

28
Q

What is an AHU?

A

Air handling unit
Responsible for drawing air into the building an disposing of exhaust air
Controls air intake and distribution of into ductwork

29
Q

What are Soft spots?

A

An area of RC slab with a prescribed rebar layout and reduced rebar
Means a future tenant can knock through a panel a link between floors if required

30
Q

How would you price a sedum roof?

A 
RC roof slab
Insulation
Waterproof membrane
Gravel drainage layer / attenuation layer
Soil
Sedum roofing – Plants
£400/m² roughly
31
Q

What type of heating / cooling did they have on Soho Place?

A

Fan Coil Units

32
Q

What are the different types of FCUs?

A

2 pipe – cooling only

4 pipe – heating and cooling

33
Q

Name some alternatives to FCU?

A

Chilled beam

displacement

34
Q

What are the advantages of an FCU system?

A

Good control of air movement
Quick installation
High cooling capacity

35
Q

What are the disadvantages of an FCU system?

A

Air filter requires maintenance

Fan can be noisy

36
Q

How does chilled beams work?

A

HVAC system designed to heat or cool large spaces
Pipes of water pass through the beam which is integrated into the suspended ceiling or just above it
Active chilled beams use fans to draw air across it
Passive chilled beams rely on convection

37
Q

What are acoustic barriers?

A

Installed in voids below RAF or above suspended ceilings (plenums)
Rockwool or acoustic material like autex

38
Q

On Soho Place, what was the saving going from S2S partitions to using acoustic / fire barriers?

A

£30/m² saving however total once barriers paid for (£30/m) – total saving approximately £40k

39
Q

What is the difference between stick and unitised facades?

A

Stick – site assembled, frame first (the sticks) then windows slotted in – requires scaffolding
Unitised – prefabbed, installed via hoists

40
Q

What are the benefits of stick facades?

A 
Economically friendly (smaller volumes)
Shorter lead times
41
Q

What are the benefits of unitised facades?

A

High quality as factory prepared environment
Quick installation
Shifts labour to a safer and cheaper environment – factory not site
Higher performance spec.
No scaffolding

42
Q

What are British standards?

A

Publications issued by British Standard Institution

Give recommended minimum standards for materials, components, design and construction practices

43
Q

What are building regulations?

A

Statutory instructions setting minimum standards for performance and specs for design and construction of buildings

44
Q

What are the disadvantages of stick facades?

A

Longer installation times

Significant space required for installation and storage on-site

45
Q

What are the disadvantages of unitised facades?

A

Longer lead times to prepare in factories

Typically more expensive

46
Q

What is post-tensioned concrete?

A

Steel tendons are laid through the slab
Concrete poured
Once cured a stressing jack used to tension the slab
Stronger that RC slab as concrete is under compression

47
Q

What is pre-tensioned concrete?

A

Steel tendons laid through the slab and stressed with a jack (tightened)
Concrete is poured
Once concrete is cured and bonded the tendons the anchors are cut
Transfers the compressive strength to the concrete
Good for pre-cast concrete

48
Q

What are the difference types of screed?

A

Bonded – laid straight onto concrete base

Unbonded – laid onto bitumen damp proof membrane

49
Q

What’s a steel table?

A

Blue book
Gives information on steel in tabulated form
Only for serial size and universal types (standard forms)

50
Q

What is an alternative to a visual Mock-Up?

A

Bim / Virtual Reality

51
Q

What is the build-up to a stick system facade?

A

Transfom and mullions fixed into floor slab
Glazing fixed to transfoms and mullions
Aluminium cap over glazing to hold it in place

52
Q

What is the build-up of a brick cavity wall?

A

Brick or masonary
Cavity board
Insulation
blockwork

53
Q

How would you cost an FCU?

A 
Ductwork
Fancoil		
BMS control
Power supply
approx. £6k/unit
54
Q

What surveys would you expect to be carried out on site?

A 
As-Built drawing validations 
RAD survey (refurbishment and demolition asbestos survey)
3D Laser / point cloud survey
Obstruction survey (ground conditions)
Utility mapping survey
55
Q

Who defines the Fit-Out Terminology?

A

BCO – Guide to Specification 2019
Shell & Core
Fully furnished – entrance / reception, staircase, WC, common areas, lift and core
Shell finished – base services for plant / equipment, terminated at breakout point to floor, basic life safety equipment installed
Cat A Works
Shell and core
Floor plate finishes – suspended ceilings, internal partitions, RAF, basic M&E (heating, lighting), finishes to cores and WCs, carpet, power to each floor
Cat B works
Fully fitted out for occupation

56
Q

How much do the active Fan tiles used in the Coworking cost?

A

c.£1,000 each

57
Q

Why did you use fan tiles in the coworking?

A

The base build CAT A ventilation system is a simple underfloor ducted displacement system with perimeter heating via radiators. This was okay for an occupancy of 1/8m2 but coworking requires 1/6m2 so needed to improve it.

Fan tile system meant that central plant kept as per base scheme, DFU’s needed to be replaced for ones that ‘talked’ to the air tiles which are individually controlled and replaced the original floor grilles.

58
Q

What work was carried out under the cat a plus?

A 
Drainage & HCWS to tea points 
DFU’s and fan tiles
Modifications to CAT A LTHW distribution
Omission of CAT A underfloor ductwork
Modification to CAT A containment
Partial omission of CAT A Lighting, addition of client supplied lighting
Supplementary fire detection
BMS controls
59
Q

What would you include if you were costing piling?

A 
Piling mat
Piling rig
Concrete
Steel cage
Disposal of material
Surveys - UXO (unexploded ordinance survey) - sonar / ground penetration

Jordan Cornish APC (17 decks)

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