Constructing Reality using the CNS

Question 1

CNS

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous System Parts

Answer 2

Autonomic (communicates with internal organs and glans) and Somatic (communicates with sense organs and voluntary muscles)

Question 3

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 3

Involuntary functions of the body
Sympathetic: fight or flight
Parasympathetic: resting and digesting

Question 4

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 4

Sensory (afferent) nervous system and efferent nervous system

Question 5

Localization

Answer 5

false idea that skull shape reflected behavior

Question 6

Contemporary Brain-Behavior

Answer 6

Brain works through nodes and networks; different parts of the brain have to communicate with each other to perform complex tasks

Question 7

Motor Control

Answer 7

Initiating, directing, and grading purposeful voluntary movement (conscious, voluntary)

Question 8

Motor Learning

Answer 8

Practice or experience that led to permanent change in the capability for producing skilled action

Question 9

Motor Development

Answer 9

Changes in human behavior over lifespan

Question 10

Reflex Theory

Answer 10

Stimulus gives rise to a response ex. stretch reflex

Question 11

Hierarchical Theory

Answer 11

Central system that controls peripheral systems; brain (highest center/cortex), brain stem n., and they influence spinal cord n.

Question 12

Reflex-Hierarchical Theory

Answer 12

Top down and bottom up control
reflexes are one of the many ways to generate movement
Commonality: sensation

Question 13

Degrees of Freedom (DoF)

Answer 13

options; CNS coordinates in time and space using a plan and then fine-tuning it

Question 14

Feedforward control

Answer 14

When you predict the movement and plan ahead; depend on end task

Question 15

Feedback control

Answer 15

sensory signal goes back and changes plan

Question 16

Two potential theoretical solutions for feedforward control

Answer 16

Motor program theory and Systems theory

Question 17

Motor Program Theory

Answer 17

Abstract representation of movement plan is stored in memory and contains the commands needed to carry out the intended action

Question 18

Systems Theory

Answer 18

Control is distributed; multiple DOF are controlled by a hierarchy in the system

Question 19

Dynamical Action Theory

Answer 19

Movements are self organized as a result of multiple elements and external feedback

Question 20

When the body has so many DOF options, how does one plan?

Answer 20

Distributed control (smaller systems cooperate w each other), muscle synergies (delegate tasks to different groups), and self organization (a movement pattern emerges as a function of a changing parameter of the learner

Question 21

Ecological theory

Answer 21

environment plays the entire role in control of movement and learning from the environment; some actions cannot be repeated in diff settings

Question 22

Contemporary Model of Motor Control

Answer 22

Individual: action system, task: discrete, continual and sequential tasks, and environment (control and non-control)

Question 23

Go to PT clinic, talk to PT, “I am not able to plantar flex b/c of pain.” pain impulses are going down spinal cord and you’re contracting m. to avoid pain.
In order to help you, try relaxing knee flexor m.
What theory of motor control is he using?

Answer 23

Reflex Theory

Question 24

Asymmetrical after acl injury. Go to PT and he says your perception of how much weight you’re putting on your leg is effected. Provide goggles so you put less weight on leg

Answer 24

Ecological theory: force you to adapt your movement to new environment

Question 25

Cognition

Answer 25

higher order abstract thinking/problem solving

Question 26

Perception

Answer 26

Personal interpretation of sensory info

Question 27

Consciousness

Answer 27

awareness of oneself and placement in environment

Question 28

Orientation

Answer 28

knowing where you are in space, time, person

Question 29

Memory

Answer 29

stored info