Constructing Reality using the CNS Flashcards
CNS
brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System Parts
Autonomic (communicates with internal organs and glans) and Somatic (communicates with sense organs and voluntary muscles)
Autonomic Nervous System
Involuntary functions of the body
Sympathetic: fight or flight
Parasympathetic: resting and digesting
Somatic Nervous System
Sensory (afferent) nervous system and efferent nervous system
Localization
false idea that skull shape reflected behavior
Contemporary Brain-Behavior
Brain works through nodes and networks; different parts of the brain have to communicate with each other to perform complex tasks
Motor Control
Initiating, directing, and grading purposeful voluntary movement (conscious, voluntary)
Motor Learning
Practice or experience that led to permanent change in the capability for producing skilled action
Motor Development
Changes in human behavior over lifespan
Reflex Theory
Stimulus gives rise to a response ex. stretch reflex
Hierarchical Theory
Central system that controls peripheral systems; brain (highest center/cortex), brain stem n., and they influence spinal cord n.
Reflex-Hierarchical Theory
Top down and bottom up control
reflexes are one of the many ways to generate movement
Commonality: sensation
Degrees of Freedom (DoF)
options; CNS coordinates in time and space using a plan and then fine-tuning it
Feedforward control
When you predict the movement and plan ahead; depend on end task
Feedback control
sensory signal goes back and changes plan
Two potential theoretical solutions for feedforward control
Motor program theory and Systems theory
Motor Program Theory
Abstract representation of movement plan is stored in memory and contains the commands needed to carry out the intended action
Systems Theory
Control is distributed; multiple DOF are controlled by a hierarchy in the system
Dynamical Action Theory
Movements are self organized as a result of multiple elements and external feedback
When the body has so many DOF options, how does one plan?
Distributed control (smaller systems cooperate w each other), muscle synergies (delegate tasks to different groups), and self organization (a movement pattern emerges as a function of a changing parameter of the learner
Ecological theory
environment plays the entire role in control of movement and learning from the environment; some actions cannot be repeated in diff settings
Contemporary Model of Motor Control
Individual: action system, task: discrete, continual and sequential tasks, and environment (control and non-control)
Go to PT clinic, talk to PT, “I am not able to plantar flex b/c of pain.” pain impulses are going down spinal cord and you’re contracting m. to avoid pain.
In order to help you, try relaxing knee flexor m.
What theory of motor control is he using?
Reflex Theory
Asymmetrical after acl injury. Go to PT and he says your perception of how much weight you’re putting on your leg is effected. Provide goggles so you put less weight on leg
Ecological theory: force you to adapt your movement to new environment
Cognition
higher order abstract thinking/problem solving
Perception
Personal interpretation of sensory info
Consciousness
awareness of oneself and placement in environment
Orientation
knowing where you are in space, time, person
Memory
stored info
