Anatomical Systems

Question 1

Your patient demonstrates an area of diminished to absent sensation and parasthesia over the lateral aspect of the right thigh.
hypotheses?

Answer 1

Either there is an issue with L2 or the peripheral nerve

Question 2

Tendon reflexes

Answer 2

stretch receptors send afferent impulse and then it synapses on the motor nerve that connects to the m.

Question 3

What nerve pathways do reflex tests test?

Answer 3

afferent n. leaving the m. from stretch receptors, spinal cord, and efferent m. n.

Question 4

What do myotome tests investigate?

Answer 4

How a weakness in one muscle can indicate a problem with which nerve

Question 5

ex. myotome test for weak triceps

Answer 5

If a peripheral n. (radial n.) problem, weak triceps

If it’s the spinal segment, test the dermatome at C7

Question 6

What connects myotome and dermatome info for each spinal segment?

Answer 6

A spinal n. will have a prescribed sensory distribution on the skin and a group of m. it contributes axons to

Question 7

Reasons for m. impairment

Answer 7

spinal or peripheral n. involvement
CNS function (central inhibition in CNS won't let you contract m. b/c of too much pain)
disuse
injury/mechanical stress
disease
ischemia (cramping and claudication)

Question 8

What are myotomes?

Answer 8

peripheral n. muscle innervations

Question 9

Explain myotome testing

Answer 9

looking for m. weakness predominantly innervated by specific spinal n.
use isometric testing

Question 10

What are clinical signs of m. impairment?

Answer 10

decrease control
m. atrophy
pain

Question 11

myotomes for shoulder shrug?

Answer 11

C2, C3, C4

Question 12

myotomes for shoulder abduction

Answer 12

C5

Question 13

myotomes for elbow flexion?

Answer 13

C6

Question 14

myotomes for elbow extension?

Answer 14

C7

Question 15

myotomes for thumb extension?

Answer 15

C8

Question 16

myotomes for finger abduction?

Answer 16

T1

Question 17

myotomes for hip flexion?

Answer 17

L1 and L2

Question 18

myotomes for knee extension?

Answer 18

L3 and L4

Question 19

myotomes for dorsiflexion?

Answer 19

L4 and L5

Question 20

myotomes for great toe extension?

Answer 20

L5

Question 21

myotomes for plantarflexion?

Answer 21

S1

Question 22

When would a reflex become exaggerated?

Answer 22

CNS/upper motor n. cannot put inhibition around reflex

Question 23

What would cause a diminished reflex?

Answer 23

NS/lower motor n. problem b/c the axons could not send their signal down

Question 24

What is a two point discrimination test?

Answer 24

The two-point discrimination test is used to assess if the patient is able to identify two close points on a small area of skin, and how fine the ability to discriminate this are

Question 25

What does a two point discrimination test measure?

Answer 25

tactile agnosia, or the inability to recognize these two points despite intact cutaneous sensation and proprioception