Evidence Based Practice

Question 1

Individual Studies Designs

Answer 1

RCT (EXPERIMENTAL intervention w/ control groups and randomly assigned participants LVL 2), COHORT STUDIES (OBSERVATIONAL prospective/longitudinal following group with similar conditions over time LVL 3), CASE CONTROL STUDIES (OBSERVATIONAL retrospective; two groups w/ diff outcomes are compared), CROSS SECTIONAL STUDIES (OBSERVATIONAL analyzes sample of population at a certain point in time) and CASE SERIES (DESCRIPTIVE, tracks group with w/ same medical treatment’s outcomes)

Question 2

What is Evidence Based Medicine?

Answer 2

The best research: integrating clinical experience and patient values

Question 3

6S Pyramid of Evidence Resources

Answer 3

Systems > Summaries (EBP Guidelines)> Synopses of Syntheses (Synopses) > Syntheses (Sys. Review) > Synopses of Single Studies > Single Studies

Question 4

Best Research Lit for Investigating Diagnosis:

Answer 4

Cross-Sectional Study

ex. researcher may use cross sectional data on past smoking habits and current diagnosis of lung cancer

Question 5

Best Research Lit for Investigating Prognosis:

Answer 5

Cohort Study

ex. researcher testing if exposure to x results in outcome y, like using a cohort of smokers and non-smokers

Question 6

Best Research Lit for Investigating Intervention:

Answer 6

RCT; experimental

Question 7

5 EBP Steps:

Answer 7

1. Ask
2. Acquire
3. Appraise
4. Apply
5. Assess

Question 8

Treatment questions (PICO):

Answer 8

Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes

ex. With an older adult with moderate knee OA, will resistance exercises reduce pain and stiffness?

Question 9

Diagnosis questions

Answer 9

What tests and measures will provide the most precise and accurate info?
SEM, MDC

Question 10

Prognosis questions

Answer 10

effect; what info helps predict outcomes

Question 11

Outcomes questions

Answer 11

focus on end point (MCID)

Question 12

SEM

Answer 12

Standard Error of Measurement
How to estimate error; 95% confidence interval means what would you expect for the measurement 95% of the time?
ex. TUG

Question 13

MDC

Answer 13

Minimal Detectable Change
Based off of SEM and shows minimal amount of change in the patient’s score to show the change wasn’t a result of measurement error

Question 14

MCID

Answer 14

Minimal Clinically Important Difference

Smallest change that might be important to a clinician; enough change significant to the patient