connective tissue

Question 1

what are the connective tissues?

Answer 1

blood, loose connective tissue, dense: bone, cartilage, tendon, ligaments

Question 2

what is cell origin of ct

Answer 2

mesenchyme/mesoderm

Question 3

loose connective tissue made of

Answer 3

fibroblasts, extracellular matrix (collagen and elastin fibers, fibronectin, laminin, ground substance)

Question 4

ground substance

Answer 4

chains of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) which hold water to reduce compressive force, proteoglycan complexed with - ions to also attract water, has core protein and chondroitin sulfate side chains. 90% of mass, 10% of weight. fills space

Question 5

fibroblasts

Answer 5

secrete ground substance

Question 6

GAG example

Answer 6

hyaluronic acid

Question 7

adipocytes

Answer 7

fat-producing cells, starts as undifferentiated fibroblasts (mesenchyme, could form osteoblasts or myocytes as well)

Question 8

Collagen (with types)

Answer 8

cross-linked chains.
1= large, used in dermis, bones, tendons,
2- not fibrous, used in hyaline cartilage
3= small fibers. arteries and muscles
4- found in skin
5- skin and hair

Question 9

tendons vs ligaments

Answer 9

tendons attach muscle to bone, ligaments straddle joints. both made of collagen 1, few fibroblasts and little blood, tendons are more structured but ligaments less organized.

Question 10

elastin is part of..

Answer 10

made of crosslinked fibers, makes up aorta, lungs, bladder, elastic cartilage, skin

Question 11

cartilage is made of..

Answer 11

lacunae with chondrocytes which secrete ECM (type 2 collagen and extra - charged ground substance for max compression resistance). outer layer is dense perichondrium made of type 1 and fibroblasts

Question 12

hyaline cartilage

Answer 12

made of type 2, cushions joints, trachaea, nasal cartilage

Question 13

fibrocartilage makes up..

Answer 13

intervertebral disks, pelvic girdle (lots of collagen)

Question 14

elastic cartilage makes up..

Answer 14

ear, epiglottis

Question 15

calcified cartilage is found..

Answer 15

in vertebrae of chondrichthyes

Question 16

intermembranous ossification forms..

Answer 16

skull and clavicle (dermato)

Question 17

how does endochondral bone form?

Answer 17

osteoclasts eat away cartilage, blood enters, osteoblasts form structure (from diaphysis to epiphysis). bone forms in islands. ends stay cartilaginous

Question 18

structure inside of bone

Answer 18

canaliculae - small channels for cells to communicate, haversian canal - holds blood vessels and nerves, ground substance in bone (secreted by osteoblasts) is osteioid. it is 65% mineral, 25% collagen 1

Question 19

lacuna

Answer 19

cavity in bone made by vacated osteocyte

Question 20

joint types

Answer 20

synarthroses (restricted movement, like skull) vs diarthroses (articulated)

Question 21

spicules

Answer 21

areas of growth

Question 22

osteon

Answer 22

a unit surrounding haversian canal

Question 23

lamella

Answer 23

layer of mineral deposit

Question 24

epiphyseal plate

Answer 24

growth plate of bone which remains cartilaginous upon ossification.

Question 25

intramembranous ossification shows..

Answer 25

head emerged as a new feature, bc it is bone before the rest of the body is.

Question 26

diaphysis

Answer 26

middle of bone (as opposed to ends)

Question 27

chondroitin sulfate

Answer 27

one of the building blocks of cartilage