Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CVPR exam 2 > Congenital Heart Disease II > Flashcards

Congenital Heart Disease II Flashcards

1
Q

When do symptoms of ASD usually present?

A

not in infancy- takes a while to develop symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What are the long term risks of untreated ASDs?

A

development of pulm vascular disease atrial arrhythmias HF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

____ is the most common cyanotic heart defect and accounts for 15% of all congenital heart defects.

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In Tetrology of Fallot, the RV and LV pressures are _____.

A

equal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why isn’t a murmur going away a good thing?

A

could be a large VSD with equalizing R and L pressures elevation in PVR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When can a VSD be a right to L shunt?

A

with pulmonary stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the exam findings with a small VSD?

A

precordial activity normal normal 2nd heart sound 2-4/6 early systolic murmur NO diastolic rumble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DX? 2-3/6 systolic ejection murmur at L upper sternal border with possible diastolic rumble widely split 2nd heart sound

A

ASD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Turner’s Syndrome is associated with ______.

A

coarctation of the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where do coarctations of the aorta occur?

A

in the descending aorta opposite of the ductus arteriosus or lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DX? 1. tachycardia 2. difference in upper extremity and lower extremity BP 3. pulmonary rales 4. hepatomegaly 5. S2 and S3 gallop 6. soft systolic murmur

A

Coarctation of the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens with pulmonary vascular disease at high altitudes?

A

it’s more common and occurs at an earlier age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

10% of VSDs are which type?

A

muscular VSDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the exam findings with a large VSD?

A

active precordium loud 2nd heart sound 2-3/6 harsh, holosystolic murmur loudest at the LLSB diastolic murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is VSD treated?

A

diuretics surgical close if muscular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does Tetrology of Fallot present?

A
  1. blue baby 2. loud murmur
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some of the s/s of VSD?

A

respiratory distress diaphoresis (esp with feeding) failure to thrive tachypnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dx? hypoxic or hypercyanotic episode, usually in the 2-6th month of life can be life threatening unk mechanism

A

Tet spell (Tetralogy of Fallot)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the steps of atrial septal embryology?

A
  1. septum primum closes 2. apoptosis of the middle primum cells to form the osteum secundum 3. septum secundum closes to enclose the foramen ovale
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a fixed split S2 and what is it diagnostic of?

A

when the S2 is split at any point in the respiration cycle; ASD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why isn’t ASD caught at infancy?

A

there’s usually not a loud murmur or symptoms until later in life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the phys exam findings in a large ASD?

A
  1. increased respiratory rate 2. sweating with feeding 3. hepatomegaly 4. 2-3/6 systolic ejection murmur at L upper sternal border with possible diastolic rumble 5. split 2nd heart sound
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the normal pressure within the LV?

A

120

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is VSD treated?

A

diuretics surgical close if muscular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What will happen in untreated Tetrology of Fallot?

A

death at the time of ductus arteriosus closure (if severe RVOT obstruction) OR cyanosis, clubbing, poor dental enamel, bleeding tendencies, squat with exercise, arrhythmias AND MAYBE cerebral abscesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why does a baby develop symptoms of coarctation 2 days to 2 weeks post delivery after being fine at birth?

A

the ductus arteriosus closes and worsens the problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How does a secundum ASD happen?

A

the osteum secundum was too large or the septum secundum inadequately develops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When should you decide to surgically correct a VSD?

A
  1. pulmonary vascular changes 2. persistent symptoms, failure to thrive 3. 2a complications (aortic insuff, double chambered RV)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is coarctation of the aorta?

A

a narrowing of the aortic lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the left endocardial cushion become?

A

posterior leaflet of the mitral valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How does Tetralogy of Fallot happen?

A

abnormal development of the conal crests resulting in an infundibular septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What will the phys exam findings be in Coarctation of the aorta?

A
  1. tachycardia 2. difference in upper extremity and lower extremity BP 3. pulmonary rales 4. hepatomegaly 5. S2 and S3 gallop 6. soft systolic murmur
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why would you want to keep the ductus arteriosus open in a Tetrology of Fallot pt?

A

to help offset the effects of the RV outflow tract obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why do atrial arrhythmias occur in ASD patients?

A

atrial enlargement over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How does Tetralogy of Fallot happen?

A

abnormal development of the conal crests resulting in an infundibular septum that is displaced anteriorly, superiorly, and rightward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the phys exam findings in Tetrology of Fallot?

A
  1. tachycardic and cyanotic OR diaphoretic and tachypnic 2. precordial impulse at the L lower sternal border 3. 2-3/6 short systolic murmur of pulm stenosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What causes the murmur in ASD?

A
  1. systolic ejection murmur = excessive blood flow across the pulmonic valve 2. diastolic rumble = excessive blood flow in diastole across the tricuspid valve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

When should you decide to surgically correct a VSD?

A
  1. pulmonary vascular changes 2. persistent symptoms, failure to thrive 3. 2a complications (aortic insuff, double chambered RV)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How are Tet spells prevented (after the 1st one)?

A

beta blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

DX? 2-3/6 systolic ejection murmur at L upper sternal border with possible diastolic rumble widely split 2nd heart sound

A

ASD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the components of S2 and what do they represent?

A

P2 = pulmonic valve closure A2 = atrial valve closure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the long term risks of untreated ASDs?

A

development of pulm vascular disease atrial arrhythmias HF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is a swiss cheese septum?

A

multiple muscular VSDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The murmur in a VSD is caused by?

A

blood flow across the defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the most common congenital heart defect? How common is it?

A

VSD; 20% of all

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is considered a large ASD?

A

diameter is greater than or equal to the mitral valve size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

How common are ASDs?

A

7-8% of all congenital heart defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

In Tetrology of Fallot, the RV and LV pressures are _____.

A

equal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

How will a child present with coarctation of the aorta?

A

systemic HTN, intermittent lower extremity claudication, headaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Why isn’t a louder murmur bad in VSD?

A

the VSD could be closing the PVR is low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

How do you treat a Tet spell?

A
  1. knee-chest position 2. phenylephrine (increase BP) 3. morphine (sedative) 4. IV fluids
40
Q

Turner’s Syndrome is associated with ______.

A

coarctation of the aorta

41
Q

What is the tx for ASD?

A
  1. diuretics 2. percutaneous device closure
42
Q

What syndrome is associated with coarctation of the aorta?

A

Turner’s Syndrome

43
Q

How does a secundum ASD happen?

A

the osteum secundum was too large or the septum secundum inadequately develops

43
Q

What is the tx for coarctation of the aorta?

A

surgery for infants and young children; balloon angioplasty with stent for adolescents/adults

44
Q

What are the 4 components of Tetralogy of Fallot?

A
  1. RV outflow tract obstruction 2. RVH 3. dextraposition of the aorta 4. VSD
45
Q

What is a tet spell?

A

hypoxic or hypercyanotic episode, usually in the 2-6th month of life can be life threatening unk mechanism

46
Q

What will happen in untreated Tetrology of Fallot?

A

death at the time of ductus arteriosus closure (if severe RVOT obstruction) OR cyanosis, clubbing, poor dental enamel, bleeding tendencies, squat with exercise, arrhythmias AND MAYBE cerebral abscesses

47
Q

The murmur in a VSD is caused by?

A

blood flow across the defect

48
Q

What will happen in untreated Tetrology of Fallot?

A

death at the time of ductus arteriosus closure (if severe RVOT obstruction) OR cyanosis, clubbing, poor dental enamel, bleeding tendencies, squat with exercise, arrhythmias

50
Q

What does ASD stand for?

A

atrial septal defect

50
Q

What causes the murmur in ASD?

A
  1. systolic ejection murmur = excessive blood flow across the pulmonic valve 2. diastolic rumble = excessive blood flow in diastole across the tricuspid valve
51
Q

What does the left endocardial cushion become?

A

posterior leaflet of the mitral valve

52
Q

What are some of the s/s of VSD?

A

respiratory distress diaphoresis (esp with feeding) failure to thrive tachypnea

52
Q

What is an RV outflow obstruction in Tetralogy of Fallot?

A

narrowing of the infundibular region stenosis of the pulmonary valve

54
Q

How does VSD present?

A

asymptomatic until pulmonary vascular resistance falls

55
Q

What does a deficiency or lack of the membranous portion of the interventricular septum cause?

A

a perimembranous VSD

56
Q

DX? 1. RV outflow tract obstruction 2. RVH 3. dextraposition of the aorta 4. VSD

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

56
Q

How can coarcation of the aorta present?

A
  1. necrotizing enterocolitis 2. leg muscle pain w/ exercise 3. increased RAAS activation
57
Q

What will the xray findings be in Coarcation of the Aorta?

A
  1. 3 sign along the L edge of the heart 2. rib notching from dilated intercostal a’s
58
Q

What definitively diagnoses VSD?

A

echo

59
Q

The atrial septum fuses with the endocardial cushions, which are involved in ______.

A

ventricular septation

60
Q

What is the result of abnormal development of the conal crests resulting in an infundibular septum that is displaced anteriorly, superiorly, and rightward?

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

62
Q

What is the tx for ASD?

A
  1. diuretics 2. percutaneous device closure
64
Q

Large, untreated VSDs can cause?

A
  1. Eisenmenger’s Syndrome
65
Q

The murmur of an ASD is NOT related to?

A

blood flowing across the defect

67
Q

What are the characteristics of Eisenmenger’s Syndrome?

A
  1. muscularization of the Pulm arterioles 2. pulmonary HTN 3. increased RV pressure 4. shunt reverses to R to L 5. no treatment other than transplant
68
Q

What is the result of abnormal development of the conal crests resulting in an infundibular septum that is displaced anteriorly, superiorly, and rightward?

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

70
Q

When do symptoms of ASD usually present?

A

not in infancy- takes a while to develop symptoms

72
Q

What is the most common ASD?

A

secundum ASD

73
Q

How common are coarctations of the aorta?

A

5-7% of all congenital heart disease

74
Q

How is VSD treated?

A

diuretics

76
Q

What does the superior endocardial cushion become?

A

L outlet of the interventricular septum mitral valve

78
Q

What is considered a large VSD?

A

those as big as the aortic orifice

79
Q

What are the characteristics of Eisenmenger’s Syndrome?

A
  1. muscularization of the Pulm arterioles 2. pulmonary HTN 3. increased RV pressure 4. shunt reverses to R to L 5. no treatment other than transplant
80
Q

DX? 1. tachycardia 2. difference in upper extremity and lower extremity BP 3. pulmonary rales 4. hepatomegaly 5. S2 and S3 gallop 6. soft systolic murmur

A

Coarctation of the aorta

82
Q

What are the xray findings in VSD?

A

cardiomegaly with enlarged pulm arteries

83
Q

What is the normal pressure within the RV?

A

20

84
Q

The atrial septum fuses with the endocardial cushions, which are involved in ______.

A

ventricular septation

85
Q

When can a VSD be a right to L shunt?

A

with pulmonary stenosis

86
Q

DX? precordial activity normal normal 2nd heart sound 2-4/6 early systolic murmur NO diastolic rumble

A

small VSD

87
Q

How is ASD definitively diagnosed?

A

echo

88
Q

What does the inferior endocardial cushion become?

A

inlet portion of the interventricular septum membranous portion of the intervent. septum tricuspid and mitral valves

89
Q

What syndrome is associated with coarctation of the aorta?

A

Turner’s Syndrome

90
Q

DX? 1. RV outflow tract obstruction 2. RVH 3. dextraposition of the aorta 4. VSD

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

92
Q

What is a fixed split S2 and what is it diagnostic of?

A

when the S2 is split at any point in the respiration cycle; ASD

93
Q

DX? 2-3/6 harsh, holosystolic murmur loudest at the LLSB diastolic murmur

A

VSD

94
Q

How does Tetrology of Fallot present?

A
  1. blue baby 2. loud murmur
95
Q

What are the 4 components of Tetralogy of Fallot?

A
  1. RV outflow tract obstruction 2. RVH 3. dextraposition of the aorta 4. VSD
96
Q

DX? 2-3/6 harsh, holosystolic murmur loudest at the LLSB diastolic murmur

A

large VSD

97
Q

What are the xray findings in VSD?

A

cardiomegaly with enlarged main pulm artery

99
Q

What is an RV outflow obstruction in Tetralogy of Fallot?

A

narrowing of the infundibular region stenosis of the pulmonary valve

100
Q

How is VSD treated?

A

diuretics surgical close if muscular

101
Q

What are the phys exam findings in Tetrology of Fallot?

A
  1. tachycardic and cyanotic OR diaphoretic and tachypnic 2. precordial impulse at the L lower sternal border 3. 2-3/6 short systolic murmur of pulm stenosis
102
Q

What does the right endocardial cushion become?

A

tricuspid valve

104
Q

What are the exam findings with a large VSD?

A

active precordium loud 2nd heart sound 2-3/6 harsh, holosystolic murmur loudest at the LLSB diastolic murmur

106
Q

DX? 1. tachycardic and cyanotic OR diaphoretic and tachypnic 2. precordial impulse at the L lower sternal border 3. 2-3/6 short systolic murmur of pulm stenosis

A

Tetrology of Fallot

107
Q

What does the left endocardial cushion become?

A

posterior leaflet of the mitral valve

108
Q

What will the xray findings be in Coarcation of the Aorta?

A
  1. 3 sign along the L edge of the heart 2. rib notching from dilated intercostal a’s
109
Q

What is considered a large VSD?

A

those as big as the aoric orifice

110
Q

What are the long term risks of untreated ASDs?

A

development of pulm vascular disease atrial arrhythmias HF

111
Q

Where is the most common place for a VSD?

A

the membranous portion

112
Q

____ is the most common cyanotic heart defect and accounts for 15% of all congenital heart defects.

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

113
Q

What are the steps of atrial septal embryology?

A
  1. septum primum closes 2. apoptosis of the middle primum cells to form the osteum secundum 3. septum secundum closes to enclose the foramen ovale
114
Q

What causes the murmur in Tetrology of Fallot?

A

pulmonary stenosis

116
Q

What is S2?

A

the 2nd heart sound

117
Q

The atrial septum fuses with the _____, which are involved in ventricular septation.

A

endocardial cushions

118
Q

What are the s/s of cerebral abscesses that happen in cyanotic heart diseases?

A

pt older than 2 years persistent, unexplained fevers behavioral changes

119
Q

In Tetrology of Fallot, the RV and LV pressures are?

A

equal

120
Q

Dx? hypoxic or hypercyanotic episode, usually in the 2-6th month of life can be life threatening unk mechanism

A

Tet spell (Tetralogy of Fallot)

122
Q

What is the most common type of VSD?

A

perimembranous VSD

123
Q

How will a baby present with coarctation of the aorta?

A

tachypnea, diaphoresis, poor feeding; cardiac shock with HF; LACK OF FEMORAL PULSES

124
Q

What are the s/s of cerebral abscesses that happen in cyanotic heart diseases?

A

pt older than 2 years persistent, unexplained fevers behavioral changes

125
Q

What is the normal pressure within the RV?

A

20

CVPR exam 2 (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions