Congenital heart defects Flashcards

1
Q

ASD

A

Wide, fixed split-second heart sound

Ejection systolic murmur second, third intercostal space

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2
Q

Harsh pansystolic murmur left sternal edge

A

VSD

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3
Q

Radiofemoral delay- what is the condition, what is the sign/symptom you will see with that condition

A

CoA, Hypertension in kid

Turner’s

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4
Q

Continous “machinery” murmur below left clavicle

A

PDA

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5
Q

Cyanosis first day of life

CXR- egg-on string

A

Transposition of the great vessels

X-ray showing characteristic finding in case of Transposition of the great vessels which is called egg on side sign

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6
Q

Cyanosis first month of life

CXR- boot-shaped heart

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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7
Q

The “3 Ds” of acyanotic CHDs

A

VSD, ASD, PDA.

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8
Q

Persistence of the foramen ovale beyond 1 year of age- PFO increases the risk of

A
Paradoxical embolism
Systemic embolisms (e.g., renal infarction)
Stroke
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9
Q

What can you give to keep the PDA open

A

Pharmacologic closure (in premature infants): Infusion of indomethacin or ibuprofen (pharmacologic closure) can induce the closure of the ductus

In utero, prostaglandin is responsible for keeping the ductus patent. Inhibiting the prostaglandin synthesis with indomethacin or ibuprofen induces the closure of the ductus in preterm infants. Indomethacin is contraindicated in the case of intraventricular hemorrhage.

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10
Q

Why would you keep the PDA open and how would you do that

A

Administer prostaglandin (PGE1) if the PDA is needed for survival (e.g., in the transposition of the grand vessels, tetralogy of Fallot, hypoplastic left heart).

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11
Q

4 features of TOF

A
Right ventricular outflow obstruction (RVOT) due to pulmonary valve stenosis 
Right ventricular hypertrophy(RVH)
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Overriding aorta (above the VSD)
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12
Q

What is the most common cyanotic heart disease

A

TOF

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13
Q

Congenital heart defect, what should you rule out

A

Without treatment, 95% of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome die within their first month of life!

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14
Q

What condition do you get when exposured to lithium during pregnancy

A

Ebstein anomaly

Malformed and displaced tricuspid valve leaflets causing tricuspid valve regurgitation and right heart enlargement

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15
Q

The most common innocent murmur in children; unknown etiology

A

Still’s murmur- it is a systolic ejection murmur

other innocent murmurs are venous hum and pulmonary flow murmur

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16
Q

Pathological murmur- radiates to the back, associated with SOB

A

Pulmonary stenosis

17
Q

Better with squatting(Tet spells)

A

TOF