Congenital heart defects Flashcards
ASD
Wide, fixed split-second heart sound
Ejection systolic murmur second, third intercostal space
Harsh pansystolic murmur left sternal edge
VSD
Radiofemoral delay- what is the condition, what is the sign/symptom you will see with that condition
CoA, Hypertension in kid
Turner’s
Continous “machinery” murmur below left clavicle
PDA
Cyanosis first day of life
CXR- egg-on string
Transposition of the great vessels
X-ray showing characteristic finding in case of Transposition of the great vessels which is called egg on side sign
Cyanosis first month of life
CXR- boot-shaped heart
Tetralogy of Fallot
The “3 Ds” of acyanotic CHDs
VSD, ASD, PDA.
Persistence of the foramen ovale beyond 1 year of age- PFO increases the risk of
Paradoxical embolism Systemic embolisms (e.g., renal infarction) Stroke
What can you give to keep the PDA open
Pharmacologic closure (in premature infants): Infusion of indomethacin or ibuprofen (pharmacologic closure) can induce the closure of the ductus
In utero, prostaglandin is responsible for keeping the ductus patent. Inhibiting the prostaglandin synthesis with indomethacin or ibuprofen induces the closure of the ductus in preterm infants. Indomethacin is contraindicated in the case of intraventricular hemorrhage.
Why would you keep the PDA open and how would you do that
Administer prostaglandin (PGE1) if the PDA is needed for survival (e.g., in the transposition of the grand vessels, tetralogy of Fallot, hypoplastic left heart).
4 features of TOF
Right ventricular outflow obstruction (RVOT) due to pulmonary valve stenosis Right ventricular hypertrophy(RVH) Ventricular septal defect (VSD) Overriding aorta (above the VSD)
What is the most common cyanotic heart disease
TOF
Congenital heart defect, what should you rule out
Without treatment, 95% of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome die within their first month of life!
What condition do you get when exposured to lithium during pregnancy
Ebstein anomaly
Malformed and displaced tricuspid valve leaflets causing tricuspid valve regurgitation and right heart enlargement
The most common innocent murmur in children; unknown etiology
Still’s murmur- it is a systolic ejection murmur
other innocent murmurs are venous hum and pulmonary flow murmur