Comprehensive Esthetics Review Flashcards
Define Aesthetikos:
Greek word meaning perceptible to the senses.
What are the effects of smoking on the skin?
Depleted vitamin C, cause free radicals, wrinkles, aging, and depletes oxygen to skin.
Sensory nerves Vs. motor nerves:
Sensory: Carry impulses from the sense organs to the brain; to experience touch, cold, heat, sight, hearing, taste, smell, pain, and pressure.
Motor: Carry impulses from the brain to muscles to produce movement.
Mixed: Contain both abilities to send and receive messages.
What are the forms of hypo pigmentation?
Albinism, leukoderma, vitiligo
What is albinism?
Absence of melanin
What is leukoderma?
Light abnormal patches
What is vitiligo?
White spots, lack of pigment.
What are the layers of skin?
(crazy little granny steals baby please return soon)
Stratum Corneum Stratum Lucidum Stratum Granulosum Stratum Spinosum Basal Papillary Reticular Subcutaneous
What is found in the stratum corneum?
Keratinosites
What is found in the stratum lucidum?
Clear layer found on palms
What does the stratum granulosum layer do?
Produces keratin
What is found in the reticular layer?
Fibroblast which make collagen and elastin
What are warm colors?
Yellow, red, oranges
What are cool colors?
Blue, green, violets
What is highlighting?
Light color tone used to brighten a specific area
What is contouring?
Deeper and darker tones used to minimize a specific area.
What is sensitive skin?
A skin type, genetic, and unchangeable
What is sensitized skin?
A condition due to external factors; sunburn, overexposure to products, ect.
What are the types of skin cancers?
Malignant Melanoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Basal Cell Carcinoma
Describe Malignant Melanoma
Most serious; spreads easily through the body. Black, dark, patches, uneven textures, jagged edges.
Describe Squamous Cell Carcinoma
More serious; can spread, red, pink, scaly papules.
Describe basal cell carcinoma
Most common, least severe, pearly nodules.
What are the types of UV rays?
UVA, UVB, and UVC
Describe UVA rays.
Aging rays; penetrate deeper into the reticular layer. Causes cell damage. Weakens collagen and elastin. Alters DNA, causing cancer.
Describe UVB rays.
Burning rays, alter and destroy melanin, shorter but stronger, can damage eyes, does help body make vitamin D.
What is an atom?
Smallest part of an element, particles from which matter is compromised.
What are protons?
Positive particles
What are neutrons?
neutral charged particles
WHAT ARE ELECTRONS?
NEGATIVE CHARGED PARTICLES
WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF MINERAL MAKEUP?
DESIGNED TO BE MORE HEALTHY, NON-COMEDOGENIC, NATURAL, NOT AS HEAVY BUT STILL OFFERS GOOD COVERAGE, POPULAR FOR POST-SURGICAL CAMOUFLAGE MAKEUP
WHAT ARE THE SPECIAL CONSIDERATION FOR ETHNIC SKIN?
BLACK SKIN: PRONE TO HYPERKERATOSIS, NEEDS MORE EXFOLIATION, DEEPER PORE CLEANSING.
ASIAN SKIN: MOST SENSITIVE, AVOID AHAS, USE ENZYMES
WHAT ARE CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR CHEMICAL PEELS?
RECENT COSMETIC SURGERY, ALLERGIES TO PRODUCTS, PREGNANCY, HERPES SIMPLEX, OPEN SORES/LESIONS, HYPERPIGMENTATION TENDENCIES, USE OF ACUTANE, RETIN A, INFLAMED ROSACEA OR ACNE, INFECTIOUS DISEASE, SUN BURN, IRRITATED SKIN
HOW DO YOU DETERMINE THE IDEAL BROW?
NATURAL ARCH OF THE EYEBROW FOLLOWS THE TOP OF THE ORBITAL BONE, CURVED LINE ABOVE EYE SOCKET
VIRUS VS BACTERIA
VIRUS: A MICROSCOPIC ORGANISM THAT CAN INFEST PLANT, ANIMAL, AND BACTERIA.
BACTERIA: ONE CELL MICROORGANISM WITH BOTH PLANT AND ANIMAL CHARACTERISTICS
WHAT ARE THE SHAPES OF BACTERIA?
COCCI, STAPHYLOCOCCI, STRETOCOCCI, DIPLOCOCCI, BACILLI, SPIRILLA
DESCRIBE COCCI SHAPE
ROUND AND APPEAR ALONE
DESCRIBE STPHYLOCOCCI
ROUND, FORMS GRAPLE LIKE CLUSTERS, CAUSE PNEMONIA, IMPETIGO
DESCRIBE STREPTOCOCCI
ROUND, FORMS IN STRINGS OF PEARLS, CAUSES STREP THROAT, SCARLET FEVER, RHEUMATIC
DESCRIBE DIPLOCOCCI
ROUND, GROWS IN PAIRS, CAUSES MENINGITIS
DESCRIBE BACILLI
ROD SHAPED, CAUSES FOOD BORNE ILLNESS
DESCRIBE SPIRILLA
CORK SCREW SHAPED, CAUSES LYME DISEASE
WHAT ARE THE LEVELS OF DECONTAMINATION?
SANITATION: LOWEST LEVEL, GOOD FOR USE ON SKIN.
DISINFECTION: 2ND LEVEL, KILLS MOST MICROORGANISMS ON HAND, NON POROUS SURFACE
STERILIZATION: HIGHEST LEVEL, KILLS ALL MICROORGANISMS INCLUDING BACTERIA, SPORES, VIRUSES, AND FUNGI
WHAT ARE THE DERIVATIVES OF ENZYMES?
PAPAIN-PAPAYA
BROMALIN-PINEAPPLE
PANCREATIVE-MEAT BY-PRODUCTS
PUMPKIN-PUMPKIN
BHA’S VS AHA’S
BHA’S: DISSOLVES OILS, SALICYLIC ACID, LESS IRRITATION, GOOD FOR ACNEIC AND OILY SKIN
AHA’S: LOOSEN BONDS BETWEEN CELLS. EXAMPLES: GLYCOLIC-SUGAR CANE, TARTARIC-GRAPES, LACTIC-MILK, MANDELIC-ALMONDS, MALIC-APPLES, CITRIC-CIRTUS FRUIT
WHAT IS A JESSNER’S SOLUTION?
14% LACTIC ACID, 14% RESORCINOL, 14% SALICYLIC ACID, IN AN ETHANOL BASE
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF LYMPH?
PROTECT BODY FROM DISEASE BY DEVELOPING IMMUNITIES AND DESTROYING DISEASE CAUSING MICROORGANISMS; CARRY WASTE AND IMPURITIES AWAY FROM CELL.
WHAT ARE THE 8 FACE SHAPES?
OVAL, ROUND, SQUARE, RECTANGLE, TRIANGLE, INVERTED TRIANGLE, HEART, DIAMOND
EXPLAIN PROPER WAX APPLICATION
SOFT-THIN LAYER WITH DIRECTION OF HAIR GROWTH AT 45 DEGREE ANGLE
HARD- THICKER LAYER WITH DIRECTION OF HAIR GROWTH
WHAT ARE THE HAIR GROWTH CYCLES?
ANAGEN: GROWTH STAGE, ACTIVE
CATAGEN: TRANSITION STAGE, FALLING OUT
TELOGEN: RESTING STAGE
LATENT: DORMANT
WHAT ARE THE PRIMARY COLORS?
FUNDAMENTAL, CANNOT BE OBTAINED BY MIXING OTHER COLORS; RED, YELLOW, AND BLUE
WHAT ARE THE SECONDARY COLORS?
OBTAINED BE MIXING EQUAL PARTS OF TWO PRIMARY COLORS; ORANGE, GREEN, AND PURPLE
WHAT ARE COMPLEMENTARY COLORS?
A PRIMARY AND SECONDARY COLOR DIRECTLY OPPOSITE OF EACH OTHER ON THE COLOR WHEEL, WHEN MIXED THEY CANVEL EACH OTHER OUT. RED/GREEN, PURPLE/YELLOW, BLUE/ORANGE.
WHAT IS A PRIMARY LESION?
LESIONS IN EARLY STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT; FLAT, NON-PAPULE, CHANGES IN THE SKIN COLOR OR ELEVATED.
WHAT IS A SECONDARY LESION?
DEVELOP IN LATER STAGES; DEAD CELLS FORMED OVER WOUND
WHAT IS A MACULE?
FLAT DISCOLORATION (FRECKLE)
WHAT IS A TUBERCLE?
ABNORMAL ROUNDED, SOLID LUMP, LARGER THAN PAPULE
WHAT IS A VESICLE?
SMALL BLISTER
WHAT IS A BULLA?
LARGER BLISTER WITH WATERY FLUID
WHAT IS A PAPULE?
SMALL ELEVATION, NO FLUID
WHAT IS A NODULE?
SMALL BUMP
WHAT IS A TUMOR?
A LARGE NODULE
WHAT IS A WHEAL?
AN ITCHY SWOLLEN LESION
WHAT IS A SCALE?
SHEDDING DEAD SKIN
WHAT IS CRUST?
SCAB OR SORE
WHAT IS A KELOID?
THICK SCAR
WHAT IS AN EXCORIATION?
AN ABRASION FROM SCRAPE OR SCRATCH
WHAT IS AN ULCER?
OPEN LESION WITH PUSS OR SKIN DEPRESSION
WHAT IS EXCORIATION?
ACNE; DISORDER WHERE CLIENTS PURPOSELY SCRAPE OFF LESIONS
WHAT IS A FISSURE?
A CRACK IN THE SKIN
WHAT IS A CYST?
A CLOSED SAC OF FLUID
WHAT ARE THE LIGHTENING AND BRIGHTENING INGREDIENTS?
ARBUTIN, BEARBERRY, LICORICE EXTRACT, AZELIC ACID, KOJIC ACID, MULBERRY EXTRACT, ASAFETIDA EXTRACT, MAGNESIUM ASCORBYL PHOSPHATE, ASCORBYL GLUCOSAMINE, HYDROQUINONE
WHAT ARE ANHYDROUS PRODUCTS?
PRODUCTS CONTAINING NO WATER, FOR VERY DRY SKIN; SERUMS, LIP BALMS, SILICON SERUMS
WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF SALICYLIC ACID AND WHAT IS IT DERIVED FROM?
EXFOLIATING, ANTISEPTIC, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, IT IS LIPOPHILIC (OIL LOVING), DERIVED FROM: WILLOW BARK, SWEET BIRCH, WINTERGREENS, ASPIRIN
WHAT IS INTRINSIC AGING?
SKIN CHANGES INFLUENCED BY INTERNAL PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS; STRESS AND ATTITUDE
WHAT IS EXTRINSIC AGING?
SKIN CHANGES INFLUENCED BY EXTERNAL FACTORS; UV RAYS, POLLUTION
WHAT IS DERMATITIS?
AN INFLAMMATORY CONDITION OF THE SKIN (LESIONS, ECZEMA, VESICLES, PAPULES)
WHAT IS COLLAGEN AND WHAT DOES IT DO?
FIBROUS, CONNECTIVE TISSUE MADE UP OF PROTEINS, MADE IN RETICULAR LAYER, GIVES SKIN ITS FIRMNESS.
WHAT IS KERATOSIS?
SKIN CONDITION, ABNORMALLY THICK BUILD-UP OF SKIN CELLS
WHAT ARE THE BONES OF THE HEAD?
OCCIPITAL: BASE OF NECK, PARIETAL (2) BONES: SIDE AND CROWN, FRONTAL: FOREHEAD, TEMPORAL BONES (2) SIDE OF HEAD NEAR EAR REGION. ETHMOID: BETWEEN EYE SOCKET. SPHENOID: JOINS ALL BONES OF HEAD.
WHAT ARE THE BONES OF THE FACE?
NASAL BONES (2): FORMS BRIDGE OF NOSE. LACRIMAL BONES (2): SMALLEST, INSIDE PART OF THE EYE SOCKET. VOMER: FLAT, THIN, FORMS PART OF NASAL SEPTUM. ZYGOMATIC ARCH (2) BONES: CHEEK BONES. MAXILLARY BONES (2): UPPER JAW. MANDIBLE: LARGEST, STRONGEST, LOWER JAW. TURBINAL 2 BONES: BOTH OUTER WALLS OF NASAL DEPRESSION. PALANTINE (2) BONES: FORMS HARD PALATE OF MOUTH.
HOW MANY BONES ARE IN THE FACE?
8
HOW MANY BONES ARE IN THE HEAD?
14
WHAT ARE SHAPES OF LESIONS?
LINEAR-LINE (SCRATCH) ROUNDED-PAPULE ANNULAR-RING SHAPED. (RING WORM) SERPIGINOUS-WAVY (LIKE SNAKE) GEOGRAPHIC-LIKE A MAP (RASH) TARGET-LIKE A TARGET (PUSTULE)
WHAT IS OSHA?
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION; REGULATES AND ENFORCES SAFETY/HEALTH STANDARDS TO PROTECT EMPLOYEES IN THE WORK PLACE
WHAT IS PH?
POTENTIAL HYDROGEN. RELATIVE DEGREE OF ACIDITY AND ALKALINITY OF A SUBSTANCE. SKIN IS 5.5. WATER IS 7.0. ACIDIC 0—-7—–14 ALKALINE
WHAT IS CATAPHORESIS
USES POSITIVE ELECTRODES TO DECREASE BLOOD FLOW, SOOTHE NERVES, HARDEN TISSUE, AND HAS AN ACIDIC REACTION.
WHAT IS ANAPHORESIS?
USES NEGATIVE ELECTRODES TO PRODUCE AN ALKALINE REACTION, INCREASES BLOOD FLOW, STIMULATES NERVES, SOFTENS TISSUE.
WHAT IS VITAMIN C
ASCORBIC ACID; ANTI-OXIDANT, REPAIRS SKIN AND TISSUES
WHAT IS VITAMIN D?
SUNSHINE VITAMIN, ESSENTIAL FOR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
WHAT IS VITAMIN E?
TOCOPHEROL; PROTECTS FROM SUN, ANTI-OXIDANT
WHAT IS VITAMIN K?
BLOOD COAGULATION
WHAT IS FITZPATRICK TYPE 1?
SCORES 0-7, WHITE; VERY FAIR, FRECKLES; TYPICAL ALBINO SKIN. ALWAYS BURNS, NEVER TANS.
WHAT IS FITZPATRICK TYPE II?
SCORES 8-16. WHITE; FAIR. USUALLY BURNS, TANS WITH DIFFICULTY.
WHAT IS FITZPATRICK TYPE III?
SCORES 17-24. BEIGE. VERY COMMON. SOMETIMES MILD BURN, GRADUALLY TANS TO A LIGHT BROWN.
WHAT IS FITZPATRICK TYPE IV?
SCORES 25-30. BEIGE WITH A BROWN TINT. TYPICAL MEDITERRANEAN CAUCASIAN SKIN. RARELY BURNS, TANS WITH EASE TO A MODERATE BROWN.
WHAT IS FITZPATRICK TYPE V?
SCORES OVER 30. DARK BROWN. VERY RARELY BURNS, TANS VERY EASILY.
WHAT IS FITZPATRICK TYPE VI?
BLACK. NEVER BURNS, TANS VERY EASILY, DEEPLY PIGMENTED.
HOW MANY BODY SYSTEMS ARE THERE?
11
WHAT ARE THE BODY SYSTEMS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS?
SIC REMINDER.
SKELETAL-BONES AND JOINTS, RED BLOOD CELLS.
IMMUNE- FIGHT OFF DISEASES
CIRCULATORY- CONTROLS FLOW OF BLOOD THROUGH BODY.
RESPIRATORY- BREATHING, LUNGS
EXCRETORY - ELIMINATES WASTE
MUSCULAR- SUPPORTS SKELETAL SYSTEM, MUSCLES
INTEGUMENTARY-