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Esthetics > Anatomy Study Guide (jr.) > Flashcards

Anatomy Study Guide (jr.) Flashcards

1
Q

What term refers to the structures on the cell membrane that receive and accept hormones and produce other biochemicals?

A

Hormone receptors

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2
Q

What type of glands have ducts through which chemicals move?

A

Sudoriferous

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3
Q

What is the system of ductless glands that secrete or produce hormones?

A

Enocrine System

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4
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located?

A

Center of the head

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5
Q

What do trophic horones do?

A

Cause other glands to make other hormones

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6
Q

What gland ties the nervous system to the endocrine system?

A

Hypothalamus

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7
Q

What term refers to the daily biochemical patterns of the body?

A

Circadian rhythyms

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8
Q

What is a symptom of thyrotoxicosis?

A

Hand tremors

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9
Q

What causes the secretion of adrenaline?

A

Stress

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10
Q

What hormones help regulate blood sugar?

A

Glucocorticoids

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11
Q

What type of medication, if used in excess, can cause Cushing’s syndrome?

A

Hydrocortisone

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12
Q

What hormone do the islets of Langerhans manufacture?

A

Insulin

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13
Q

What is NOT a factor known to increase one’s likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes?

A

Drug use

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14
Q

What skin condition is associated with diabetes?

A

Fungal infections

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15
Q

What gland produces T cells?

A

Thymus gland

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16
Q

What hormone gives a woman female characteristics?

A

Estrogen

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17
Q

What hormone helps enlarge the pelvic opening during childbirth?

A

Relaxin

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18
Q

When do the sex glands usuually begin to function?

A

Age 12 to 14

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19
Q

What part of the face is usually the first to develop visible pores?

A

Nose

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20
Q

What helps to resolve keratosis pilaris?

A

Gommages

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21
Q

How long does the menstral cycle usually last?

A

27 to 30 days

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22
Q

In what phase of the menstral cycle does the estrogen level reach a high point?

A

Phase 3

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23
Q

What does the trophoblast do?

A

Provides nutrition for the embryo

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24
Q

What term refers to a condition in which the face develops significant hyperpigmentation and resembles a dark facial mask?

A

Melasma

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25
Q

What condition is commonly known as stretch marks?

A

Striae distensae

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26
Q

What should you do when treating a pregnant woman?

A

Perform electrical treatments only with the express approval of her physician

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27
Q

How long before menstruation do women commonly experience acne flare-ups?

A

7-10 days

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28
Q

What should you advise clients with premenstral acne to do?

A

Use a follicular exfoliant on a regular basis

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29
Q

What skin problem is often associated with the use of birth control pills?

A

Acne flares

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30
Q

When do the ovaries stop releasing eggs?

A

Menopause

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31
Q

What condition are women who lose their ovaries early in life more likely to develop?

A

Osteoporosis

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32
Q

What type of drug is now being used to help with hot flashes?

A

Antidepressants

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33
Q

What is a symptom of menopausal skin?

A

Accentuauted wrinkles

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34
Q

What is a recommended treatment for hirsutism?

A

Electrolysis

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35
Q

What condition commonly causes hormonal fluctuations and irregulary menstrual cycles?

A

Anorexia

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36
Q

What term refers to the ability of muscle fibers to transmit electricity?

A

Conductivity

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37
Q

What are the two basic types of muscle?

A

Striated and smooth

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38
Q

Where is the cardiac muscle found?

A

Myocardium

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39
Q

What statement about smooth muscle is correct?

A

It can stretch and maintain tension for longer periods than striated muscle.

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40
Q

What are the threadlike structures responsible for the contractile properties of muscle that allow voluntary movement?

A

Myofilaments

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41
Q

What is NOT found in fascia?

A

Tendon fibers

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42
Q

What is the region between the neron terminals and the muscle fibers known as?

A

Synaptic gap

43
Q

What movement moves a jointin such a way as to decrease the angle of the joint?

A

Flexion

44
Q

What movement involves moving a limb away from the center of the body?

A

Abduction

45
Q

What type of movement are you making when you move your foot up and down?

A

Dorsiflexion

46
Q

What movement do you make when you rotate your forearm so that the palm turns downward?

A

Pronation

47
Q

What movement do you make when you touch your thumb to your fingers?

A

Opposition

48
Q

What is the end point of a muscle where it attaches to the bone it moves?

A

Insertion

49
Q

What is the thick connective tissue attached to the skull that spreads down toward the forehead and connects to the frontalis?

A

Aponeurosis

50
Q

What muscle draws the eyebrows down and together to produce vertical wrinkles between the eyebrows?

A

Corrugator

51
Q

What muscle raises the corners of the mouth, as in smiling?

A

Zygomaticus Major

52
Q

What muscle closes and retracts the jaw?

A

Masseter

53
Q

What do the levator labii superioris and levator anguli oris do?

A

Raises the angle of the mouth

54
Q

Where is the procerus muscle located?

A

Nose

55
Q

What muscle is responsible for the external contours of the neck?

A

Platysma

56
Q

What cranial nerve is responsible for all facial expressions?

A

Cranial Nerve VII

57
Q

What is NOT something the facial nerve does?

A

Carry the perception of touch from the cheek and side of the face

58
Q

What major branch of the trigeminal nerve goes to the eye?

A

Ophthalmic nerve

59
Q

Where is the deltoid located?

A

Front of the body

60
Q

What muscles are found between the ribs?

A

Intercostal muscles

61
Q

What are the deepest of the abdominal muscles?

A

Transverse abdominals

62
Q

What is NOT something that the posterior muscles do?

A

Cause the heart to contract and relax

63
Q

What muscles are most often related to back pain?

A

Erector spinae muscles

64
Q

What is NOT one of the five muscle groups that regulate hip movement?

A

Circumductors

65
Q

What are the smaller muscles that keep the legs together during most physical activity?

A

Adductor muscles

66
Q

What is one of the muscles of the hamstring?

A

Biceps femoris

67
Q

What muscle is commonly known as the calf muscle?

A

Gastrocnemius

68
Q

What is a muscle that not all individuals have?

A

Tertius peroneus

69
Q

What is the smallest component of the arteries?

A

Arteriole

70
Q

What is NOT one of the functions of blood?

A

Keratinization

71
Q

What makes up majority of blood?

A

Plasma

72
Q

What is a liquid protein found in plasma?

A

Albumin

73
Q

How much does the blood supply of a 200 lb person weigh?

A

20 pounds

74
Q

What is the approximate temperature of blood?

A

100.4 Degrees F

75
Q

What condition occurs when the blood gets too warm?

A

Hyperthermia

76
Q

What is a function of albumin?

A

Buffering pH

77
Q

What are the only complete cells found in the blood?

A

White blood cells

78
Q

What is a thrombocyte?

A

Platelet

79
Q

What is a symptom of anemia?

A

Irregular menstral cycles

80
Q

What is an inherited bleeding disorder characterized by a reduced number or complete absense of clotting factors?

A

Hemophilia

81
Q

What is the central organ of the circulatory system?

A

Heart

82
Q

What is the center layer of the pericardium?

A

Serous pericardium

83
Q

What is both a part of the pericardium and part of the heart wall?

A

Epicardium

84
Q

What are the top chambers of the heart known as?

A

Atria

85
Q

What valves regulate the flow of blood between the ventricles and the major blood vessel to which they connect?

A

Semilunar valves

86
Q

How many times does the average heart beat in a single minute?

A

72

87
Q

How many heart sounds are typically loud enough to be heard with a stethoscope during each cardiac cycle in a normal heart?

A

Two

88
Q

What broad term is used to describe any condition that affects the performance of the heart or the cardiovascular system?

A

Heart disease

89
Q

What is arrhythmia?

A

Heart rate either lower or higher than normal

90
Q

What statement about the arteries is correct?

A

They are elastic and contractile

91
Q

What are muscular arteries also known as?

A

Distributing arteries

92
Q

What connects arterioles and venules?

A

Capillaries

93
Q

What type of vessel emerges from an arteriole, passes through the capillary network, and empties into a venule?

A

Metarteriole

94
Q

What is the principal vein draining blood from the lower portion of the body?

A

Vena cava inferior

95
Q

Blood pressure in a peripheral venule is about __ percent of that in the ascending aorta?

A

10

96
Q

What condition is associated with varicose veins and spider veins?

A

Pregnancy

97
Q

What system includes the cells, tissues, and organs responsible for defending the body against environmental hazards?

A

Lymphatic system

98
Q

What is the major difference between interstitial fluid and lymph?

A

Location

99
Q

What does the lymphatic system primarily produce, maintain, and distribute?

A

Lymphocytes

100
Q

What part of the body lacks lymphatic capillaries?

A

Corner of the eye

101
Q

What do lymph nodes do?

A

Filter lymph

102
Q

What is NOT one of the principal lymph trunks?

A

Ocular

103
Q

What is NOT a benefit of lymphatic drainage?

A

Encourages edema

Esthetics (13 decks)

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