Anatomy Study Guide (jr.) Flashcards
What term refers to the structures on the cell membrane that receive and accept hormones and produce other biochemicals?
Hormone receptors
What type of glands have ducts through which chemicals move?
Sudoriferous
What is the system of ductless glands that secrete or produce hormones?
Enocrine System
Where is the pituitary gland located?
Center of the head
What do trophic horones do?
Cause other glands to make other hormones
What gland ties the nervous system to the endocrine system?
Hypothalamus
What term refers to the daily biochemical patterns of the body?
Circadian rhythyms
What is a symptom of thyrotoxicosis?
Hand tremors
What causes the secretion of adrenaline?
Stress
What hormones help regulate blood sugar?
Glucocorticoids
What type of medication, if used in excess, can cause Cushing’s syndrome?
Hydrocortisone
What hormone do the islets of Langerhans manufacture?
Insulin
What is NOT a factor known to increase one’s likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes?
Drug use
What skin condition is associated with diabetes?
Fungal infections
What gland produces T cells?
Thymus gland
What hormone gives a woman female characteristics?
Estrogen
What hormone helps enlarge the pelvic opening during childbirth?
Relaxin
When do the sex glands usuually begin to function?
Age 12 to 14
What part of the face is usually the first to develop visible pores?
Nose
What helps to resolve keratosis pilaris?
Gommages
How long does the menstral cycle usually last?
27 to 30 days
In what phase of the menstral cycle does the estrogen level reach a high point?
Phase 3
What does the trophoblast do?
Provides nutrition for the embryo
What term refers to a condition in which the face develops significant hyperpigmentation and resembles a dark facial mask?
Melasma
What condition is commonly known as stretch marks?
Striae distensae
What should you do when treating a pregnant woman?
Perform electrical treatments only with the express approval of her physician
How long before menstruation do women commonly experience acne flare-ups?
7-10 days
What should you advise clients with premenstral acne to do?
Use a follicular exfoliant on a regular basis
What skin problem is often associated with the use of birth control pills?
Acne flares
When do the ovaries stop releasing eggs?
Menopause
What condition are women who lose their ovaries early in life more likely to develop?
Osteoporosis
What type of drug is now being used to help with hot flashes?
Antidepressants
What is a symptom of menopausal skin?
Accentuauted wrinkles
What is a recommended treatment for hirsutism?
Electrolysis
What condition commonly causes hormonal fluctuations and irregulary menstrual cycles?
Anorexia
What term refers to the ability of muscle fibers to transmit electricity?
Conductivity
What are the two basic types of muscle?
Striated and smooth
Where is the cardiac muscle found?
Myocardium
What statement about smooth muscle is correct?
It can stretch and maintain tension for longer periods than striated muscle.
What are the threadlike structures responsible for the contractile properties of muscle that allow voluntary movement?
Myofilaments
What is NOT found in fascia?
Tendon fibers
What is the region between the neron terminals and the muscle fibers known as?
Synaptic gap
What movement moves a jointin such a way as to decrease the angle of the joint?
Flexion
What movement involves moving a limb away from the center of the body?
Abduction
What type of movement are you making when you move your foot up and down?
Dorsiflexion
What movement do you make when you rotate your forearm so that the palm turns downward?
Pronation
What movement do you make when you touch your thumb to your fingers?
Opposition
What is the end point of a muscle where it attaches to the bone it moves?
Insertion
What is the thick connective tissue attached to the skull that spreads down toward the forehead and connects to the frontalis?
Aponeurosis
What muscle draws the eyebrows down and together to produce vertical wrinkles between the eyebrows?
Corrugator
What muscle raises the corners of the mouth, as in smiling?
Zygomaticus Major
What muscle closes and retracts the jaw?
Masseter
What do the levator labii superioris and levator anguli oris do?
Raises the angle of the mouth
Where is the procerus muscle located?
Nose
What muscle is responsible for the external contours of the neck?
Platysma
What cranial nerve is responsible for all facial expressions?
Cranial Nerve VII
What is NOT something the facial nerve does?
Carry the perception of touch from the cheek and side of the face
What major branch of the trigeminal nerve goes to the eye?
Ophthalmic nerve
Where is the deltoid located?
Front of the body
What muscles are found between the ribs?
Intercostal muscles
What are the deepest of the abdominal muscles?
Transverse abdominals
What is NOT something that the posterior muscles do?
Cause the heart to contract and relax
What muscles are most often related to back pain?
Erector spinae muscles
What is NOT one of the five muscle groups that regulate hip movement?
Circumductors
What are the smaller muscles that keep the legs together during most physical activity?
Adductor muscles
What is one of the muscles of the hamstring?
Biceps femoris
What muscle is commonly known as the calf muscle?
Gastrocnemius
What is a muscle that not all individuals have?
Tertius peroneus
What is the smallest component of the arteries?
Arteriole
What is NOT one of the functions of blood?
Keratinization
What makes up majority of blood?
Plasma
What is a liquid protein found in plasma?
Albumin
How much does the blood supply of a 200 lb person weigh?
20 pounds
What is the approximate temperature of blood?
100.4 Degrees F
What condition occurs when the blood gets too warm?
Hyperthermia
What is a function of albumin?
Buffering pH
What are the only complete cells found in the blood?
White blood cells
What is a thrombocyte?
Platelet
What is a symptom of anemia?
Irregular menstral cycles
What is an inherited bleeding disorder characterized by a reduced number or complete absense of clotting factors?
Hemophilia
What is the central organ of the circulatory system?
Heart
What is the center layer of the pericardium?
Serous pericardium
What is both a part of the pericardium and part of the heart wall?
Epicardium
What are the top chambers of the heart known as?
Atria
What valves regulate the flow of blood between the ventricles and the major blood vessel to which they connect?
Semilunar valves
How many times does the average heart beat in a single minute?
72
How many heart sounds are typically loud enough to be heard with a stethoscope during each cardiac cycle in a normal heart?
Two
What broad term is used to describe any condition that affects the performance of the heart or the cardiovascular system?
Heart disease
What is arrhythmia?
Heart rate either lower or higher than normal
What statement about the arteries is correct?
They are elastic and contractile
What are muscular arteries also known as?
Distributing arteries
What connects arterioles and venules?
Capillaries
What type of vessel emerges from an arteriole, passes through the capillary network, and empties into a venule?
Metarteriole
What is the principal vein draining blood from the lower portion of the body?
Vena cava inferior
Blood pressure in a peripheral venule is about __ percent of that in the ascending aorta?
10
What condition is associated with varicose veins and spider veins?
Pregnancy
What system includes the cells, tissues, and organs responsible for defending the body against environmental hazards?
Lymphatic system
What is the major difference between interstitial fluid and lymph?
Location
What does the lymphatic system primarily produce, maintain, and distribute?
Lymphocytes
What part of the body lacks lymphatic capillaries?
Corner of the eye
What do lymph nodes do?
Filter lymph
What is NOT one of the principal lymph trunks?
Ocular
What is NOT a benefit of lymphatic drainage?
Encourages edema
