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Esthetics > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Fragrances

A

Give products their scent.

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2
Q

Fatty Esters

A

Emollients produced from fatty acids and alcohols.

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3
Q

Fatty Alcohols

A

Emollients; fatty acids that have been exposed to hydrogen.

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4
Q

Fatty Acids

A

Emollients; lubricant ingredients derived from plant oils or animal fats.

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5
Q

Exfoliation

A

Peeling or sloughing of outer layer of skin.

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6
Q

Exfoliants

A

Mechanical and chemical product or processes used to exfoliate skin.

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7
Q

Essential Oils

A

Oils derived from herbs and have different healing properties.

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8
Q

Enzyme Peels

A

Dissolve keratin proteins (dead skin cells) and exfoliate.

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9
Q

Emulsifiers

A

Surfactants that cause oil and water to mix.

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10
Q

Emollients

A

Oil or fatty ingredients that lubricate, moisturize, and prevent water loss.

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11
Q

Echinacea

A

Derives from purple cornflower; prevents infection and heals.

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12
Q

DMAE

A

Dimethylaminoethanol. Antioxidant that stabilizes cell membranes and boosts effects of other antioxidants.

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13
Q

Detergents

A

Surfactant used as cleanser in skin care products.

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14
Q

Delivery Systems

A

Systems that deliver ingredients to specific tissues of epidermis.

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15
Q

Cosmetics

A

Articles that are intended to be rubbed, poured, or sprinkled to body for cleansing, beautifying, or altering appearance.

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16
Q

Cosmeceuticals

A

Products intended to improve skin’s health and appearance.

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17
Q

Comedogenicity

A

Tendency of any topical substance to cause or worsen a build up in follicle, leading to development of a camedo (blackhead).

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18
Q

Colorants

A

Vegetables, pigment, or mineral dyes that give products color.

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19
Q

Coenzyme Q10

A

Powerful antioxidant that protects and revitalizes skin cells.

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20
Q

Cleansers

A

Soaps and detergents that clean the skin.

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21
Q

Clay Masks

A

Oil-absorbing cleansing masks that draw impurities to the surface of skin as they dry and tighten.

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22
Q

Chemical Exfoliation

A

Chemical agent that dissolves dead skin cells and the intercellular matrix.

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23
Q

Chelating Agent

A

Chemical added to cosmetics to improve the efficiency of the preservative.

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24
Q

Chamomille

A

Plant extract with calming and soothing properties.

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25
Q

Certified Colors

A

Inorganic color agents also known as metal salts; D&C (Drug & Cosmetics)

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26
Q

Carrot

A

Rich in vitamin A, derived from seeds and as an oil; product colorant.

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27
Q

Carbomers

A

Ingredients used to thicken creams; frequently used in gel products.

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28
Q

Calendula

A

Anti-inflammatory plant extract.

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29
Q

Botanicals

A

Ingredients derived from plants.

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30
Q

Binders

A

Substances such as glycerin that bind or hold products together.

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31
Q

Beta Hydroxy Acids

A

BHAs; Exfoliating organic acid.

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32
Q

Beta-glucans

A

Used in antiaging cosmetics to help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by stimulating collagen.

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33
Q

Benzyl Peroxide

A

Drying ingredient with antibacterial properties.

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34
Q

Azulene

A

Derived from chamomile plant and characterized by its deep blue color.

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35
Q

Astringents

A

Liquids that help remove excess oil on skin.

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36
Q

Aromatherapy

A

Theurapeutic use of plant aromas and essential oils.

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37
Q

Anhydrous

A

Products that contain no water.

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38
Q

Ampoules

A

Small, sealed vials with simple application of highly concentrated extracts.

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39
Q

Alum

A

Compound made of aluminum, potassium, or ammonium sulfate.

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40
Q

Alpha Lipoic Acid

A

Natural molecule found in every cell in the body. An antioxidant.

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41
Q

Aloe Vera

A

Most popular botanical used in cosmetic formulations.

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42
Q

Allantoin

A

Anti-inflammatory compound isolated from herb comfrey.

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43
Q

Algae

A

Derived from minerals and phytohormones. Remineralizes and revitalizes the skin.

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44
Q

Alcohol

A

Antiseptic and solvent used in perfumes, lotions, and astringents.

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45
Q

Alpha Hydroxy Acids

A

AHAs; Acids derived from plants to exfoliate skin by loosening bonds between dead corneum cells and dissolving intercellular matrix. Stimulates cell renewal.

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46
Q

Anion

A

An ion with a negative electrical charge.

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47
Q

Alkalis

A

Also known as bases; compounds that react with acids to form salts. pH above 7.0 (neutral), tastes bitter, turns litmus paper from red to blue.

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48
Q

Air

A

The gaseous mixture that makes up the Earth’s atmosphere. It is odorless, colorless, and generally consists of about 1 part oxygen and 4 parts nitrogen by volume.

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49
Q

Acids

A

Substances that have a pH below 7.0, taste sour, and turn litmus paper from blue to red.

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50
Q

Acid-Alkali Neutralization Reactions

A

When an acid is mixed with an alkali in equal proportions to neutralize each other and form water (H20) and a salt.

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51
Q

Acid Mantle

A

Protect barrier of lipids and secretions on the surface of the skin.

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52
Q

Chemical Properties

A

Characteristics determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the identity of the substance.

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53
Q

Chemical Compounds

A

Combinations of two or more atoms of different elements united chemically with a fixed chemical composition, definite proportions, and distinct properties.

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54
Q

Chemical Change

A

Change in the chemical properties of a substance that is the result of a chemical reaction in which a new substance or substances are formed that have properties different from the original.

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55
Q

Cation

A

Ion with a positive electrical charge.

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56
Q

Atoms

A

Smallest chemical components (particles) of an element that still retains the properties of that element.

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57
Q

Antioxidants

A

Stabilize skin care products by preventing oxidation that would otherwise cause a product to turn rancid and decompose. Vitamins such as A, C, E can be applied topically in products or taken internally to increase healthy body functions.

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58
Q

Chemical Properties

A

Characteristics only determined by chemical reaction and chemical change in identity of substance.

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59
Q

Chemistry

A

Science that deals with composition, structures, and properties of matter and how matter changes.

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60
Q

Combustion

A

Rapid oxidation of any substance. Produces light and heat.

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61
Q

Compound Molecules

A

Also known as compounds. A chemical combination of 2 or more atoms of different elements in definite proportions.

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62
Q

Element

A

Simplest form of matter; can’t be broken down into a simpler substance without loss of identity.

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63
Q

Elemental Molecules

A

Molecule containing 2 or more atoms of the same element in fixed proportions.

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64
Q

Emulsions

A

Unstable physical mixture of 2 or more immiscible substances and or emulsifier.

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65
Q

Free Radicals

A

Unstable molecules that cause inflammation, disease, and biochemical aging in body. Super oxidizers that cause an oxidation reaction and produce a new free radical in process that are created by highly reactive atoms or molecules.

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66
Q

Gases

A

Matter without a definite shape or size. No fixed volume.

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67
Q

Hydrogen

A

Colorless, odorless, tasteless gas; the lightest element.

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68
Q

Hydrogen Peroxide

A

Chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen; colorless liquid with a characteristic odor and slightly acidic taste.

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69
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Easily absorbs moisture; capable of combining with or attracting water (water loving).

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70
Q

Hydroxide

A

An anion with one oxygen and one hydrogen atom.

71
Q

Immiscible

A

Liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions

72
Q

Inorganic Chemistry

A

The study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain hydrogen.

73
Q

Ion

A

An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge.

74
Q

Ionization

A

Separation of an atom or molecule into positive or negative ions.

75
Q

Lipophilic

A

Having an affinity for or an attraction to fats and oils. Oil loving.

76
Q

Liquids

A

Matter that has volume, no definite shape, and takes shape of container.

77
Q

Logarithmic Scale

A

A method displaying data in multiples of 10.

78
Q

Matter

A

Any substance that occupies space and has mass.

79
Q

Miscible

A

Capable of being mixed.

80
Q

Molecule

A

A chemical combination of 2 or more atoms.

81
Q

Nitrogen

A

Colorless, gaseous element that makes up 4/5 of air in the atmosphere.

82
Q

Oil-in-Water Emulsion

A

Oil droplets dispersed in water with aid of emulsifier.

83
Q

Organic Chemistry

A

Study of substances containing carbon.

84
Q

Oxidation

A

Addition of oxygen of loss of hydrogen. Chemical reaction that combines substance with oxygen to produce an oxide.

85
Q

Oxidation Reduction

A

Also known as redox. Chemical reaction in which oxidizing agent reduced and reducing agent is oxidized.

86
Q

Oxidize

A

To combine or cause a substance to combine with oxygen.

87
Q

Oxygen

A

Most abundant element on Earth.

88
Q

pH

A

Potential Hydrogen; Relative degree of acidity and alkalinity.

pH= quantity of hydrogen ions.

89
Q

pH Scale

A

Measure of acidity & alkalinity.

0-14

7=neutral

Below 7=acidic

Over 7=alkaline

90
Q

Physical Change

A

Change in form or physical properties without chemical reaction or formation of new substance.

91
Q

Physical Mixture

A

Combo of 2 or more substances physically.

92
Q

Physical Properties

A

Characteristics determined without chemical reaction and change.

93
Q

Reduction

A

Chemical reaction when oxygen is less and hydrogen is added.

94
Q

Redox Reactions

A

Oxidizing agent reduced, reducing agent oxidized.

95
Q

Solids

A

Definite size and shape.

96
Q

Solute

A

Substance that dissolves solute to form a solution.

97
Q

Solutions

A

Uniform mixture of 2 or more mutually miscible substances.

98
Q

Solvent

A

Dissolves the solute to form a solution.

99
Q

States of Matter

A

Solid, liquid, and gas.

100
Q

Surfactants

A

Also known as surface active agents. Reduce the surface tension and increase spreadability and emulsifies.

101
Q

Suspensions

A

Unstable mixtures of 2 or more immiscable substances.

102
Q

Water

A

Most abundant–75% of earth’s surface, 65% of body.

103
Q

Water-in-Oil Emulsion

A

Droplets of water dispersed in oil.

104
Q

Salicylic Acid

A

BHA with exfoliating and antiseptic properties.

105
Q

Rose

A

Moisturizing, astringent, toner, and deoderant.

106
Q

Retinol

A

Vitamin A. Cell repair and normalizes cells.

107
Q

Quaternium 15

A

Preservative

108
Q

Propylene Gylcol

A

Humectant used in dry or sensitive skin moisturizers.

109
Q

Preservatives

A

Inhibit growth of microorganisms, kill bacteria, and prevent spoiling.

110
Q

Potassium Hydroxide

A

Strong alkali used in soaps and creams.

111
Q

Polymers

A

Chemical compounds of small molecules in chain-like structure.

112
Q

Polyglucans

A

Derived from yeast. Strenghten cells and stimulate metabolism.

113
Q

Phytotherapy

A

Use of plant extracts for therapeutic therapy.

114
Q

pH Adjusters

A

Acids or alkalis used to adjust pH of products.

115
Q

Petroleum Jelly

A

Occlusive agent; restores barrier layer by holding in water.

116
Q

Performance Ingredients

A

Cause the actual change.

117
Q

Peptides

A

Chain of Amino Acids. Stiumulate fibroblasts, cell metabolism, and firmness.

118
Q

Paraffin Wax Masks

A

Warms skin and penetrates ingredients

119
Q

Parabens

A

Preservatives against bacterial and fungal activity.

120
Q

Papaya

A

Natural enzyme used for exfoliation.

121
Q

Olfactory System

A

Gives sense of smell.

122
Q

Oil Soluble

A

Compatible with oil

123
Q

Non-Certified Colors

A

Colors that are organic. Can also be natural mineral pigments.

124
Q

Moisturizers

A

Moisturize the skin.

125
Q

Modelage Masks

A

Thermal masks, plaster like, special crystals of gypsum.

126
Q

Mineral Oil

A

Lubricant derived from petroleum.

127
Q

Methylparaben

A

Preservative, noncomedogenic.

128
Q

Mechanical Exfoliation

A

Physical method of rubbing dead cells off of skin.

129
Q

Mask

A

Concentrated treatment products often composed of herbs, vitamins, mineral clays, moisturizing agents, etc, to nourish the skin.

130
Q

Lubricants

A

Coat skin and reduce friction.

131
Q

Liposomes

A

Closed lipid bilayer spheres that encapsulate ingredients and target and release.

132
Q

Lipids

A

Fats or fat-like substances.

Repair and protect barrier function.

133
Q

Licorice

A

Anti-irritant used for sensitive skin; lightens pigmentation.

134
Q

Lavender

A

Anti-allergenic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antibacterial, balancing, energizing, healing, soothing.

135
Q

Lanolin

A

Emollient with moisturizing properties.

136
Q

Lakes

A

Insoluble pigments made by combining a dye with an inorganic material.

137
Q

Kojic Acid

A

Skin brightening agent.

138
Q

Keratolytic

A

Causes exfoliation, sloughing of skin cells.

139
Q

Jojoba

A

From beanlike seeds of desert shrub. Lubricant and noncomedogenic, emollient, and moisturizer.

140
Q

Hydrators and Hydrophilic Agents

A

Attract water

141
Q

Humectants

A

Attract water.

142
Q

Horsechestnut

A

Vitamin P; Strengthens capillary walls.

143
Q

Herbs

A

Heals, stimulates, soothe, moisturizers.

144
Q

Healing Agents

A

Chamomile or aloe that help heal the skin.

145
Q

Green Tea

A

Antioxidant, soothes, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, stimulant.

146
Q

Grapeseed Extract

A

Antioxidant, soothes.

147
Q

Zinc Oxide

A

Inorganic physical sunblock. Reflects.

148
Q

Witch Hazel

A

Bark of hamanelis shrub. Soothes, astringent.

149
Q

Water Soluble

A

Mixable with water.

150
Q

Vehicles

A

Spreading Agents that carry or deliver other ingredients.

151
Q

Urea

A

Enhances penetration, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, deodorizes

152
Q

Toners

A

Tone and tighten skin

153
Q

Titanium Dioxide

A

Inorganic physical sunscreen, reflects.

154
Q

Tissue Respiratory Factor

A

TRF; Yeast cells, anti-inflammatory, nourishes.

155
Q

Tea Tree

A

Soothing and antiseptic, antifungal.

156
Q

Sun Protection Factor

A

SPF; ability of product to delay sun-induced erythema.

157
Q

Sulfur

A

Reduces oil-gland activity and dissolves skin’s surface.

158
Q

Stem Cells

A

Protect or stimulate our skin’s stem cells; from plants.

159
Q

Squalene

A

Lubricant and perfume fixative

160
Q

Squalone

A

Derived from olives; desensitizes and nourishes. An emollient.

161
Q

Sphingolipids

A

Ceramides part of intercellular matrix.

162
Q

Sorbitol

A

Humectant that absorbs moisture from air to prevent dryness.

163
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate

A

Baking soda; alkaline inorganic salt, buffering agent, neutralizes, pH adjuster.

164
Q

Silicones

A

Oil, silicon, and oxygen. Noncomedogenic.

165
Q

Serums

A

Concentrated liquid ingredients for skin–penetrate and treat.

166
Q

Seaweed

A

Nourishing properties.

167
Q

Gommage

A

Roll off mask; exfoliation creams rubbed off skin.

168
Q

Glycoproteins

A

Skin conditioning agents derived from carbohydrates and proteins that enhance cellular metabolism.

169
Q

Glycerin

A

Sweet, colorless, oily substance used as solvent and as a moisturizer.

170
Q

Functional Ingredients

A

Allow to spread, give body, and texture.

171
Q

Fresheners

A

Skin freshening lotions with low alcohol content.

172
Q

Water in Oil Emulsion

A

Droplets of water dispersed in an oil.

173
Q

Redox Reactions

A

Chemical reaction in which the oxidixzing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized.

174
Q
A

Esthetics (13 decks)

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