Component 2 - feedback Flashcards

1
Q

what is positive feedback ?

A

gives information about a successful outcome

reinforces skill learning

can be intrinsic or extrinsic

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2
Q

give an example of positive feedback ?

A

a rugby coach praises the correct tackling technique of a player

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3
Q

what is negative feedback ?

A

gives information about an unsuccessful outcome

can be intrinsic or extrinsic

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4
Q

what does negative feedback help to do ?

A

build more successful strategies

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5
Q

give an example of negative feedback ?

A

a basketball coach explains why the shooting technique of a player was incorrect

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6
Q

what is intrinsic feedback ?

A
  • information about the kinaesthetic feel of the movement
  • comes from within the performer
  • comes from proprioceptors
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7
Q

what are proprioceptors ?

A

sensory receptors located in the tissues, they are capable of detecting motion and position of the body through a stimulus produced within the body

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8
Q

give an example of intrinsic feedback ?

A

a football player physically feeling that they volleyed the ball from the sweet spot of their foot

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9
Q

what is extrinsic feedback ?

A
  • comes fro man external source to the performer (from environment)
  • comes from sight or sound
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10
Q

give an example of extrinsic feedback ?

A
  • basketball coach telling a performer that their shooting technique is excellent
  • a basketball player seeing the ball go in the ring after their shot
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11
Q

what is knowledge of performance ?

A
  • information about how well the information was executed
  • can be given as external feedback
  • can be concurrent
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12
Q

what does concurrent mean ?

A

given during performance

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13
Q

give an example of knowledge of performance ?

A

a tennis coach explaining to a performer that their serving technique is correct

a tennis player telling themselves they need to toss the ball higher when serving

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14
Q

what is knowledge of results ?

A
  • information about the outcome of the skill
  • it is terminal
  • it is external
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15
Q

what does terminal mean ?

A

at the end of performance

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16
Q

give an example of knowledge of results ?

A

a 100 m sprinter seeing that they ran 100m in 13 seconds

a netball player seeing that their pass successfully reached their teammate

17
Q

what are advantages of positive feedback ?

A
  • forms or strengthens correct s-r bond
  • reinforces skill learning or indicates where the performer has done things correctly
  • can significantly increase motivation
  • effective for beginners
  • builds confidence within the performer
18
Q

give an example of where positive feedback is a good thing

A

a coach praises the volleyball player on a successful block which makes the performer grow in confidence and be more likely to try the block more often

19
Q

what are disadvantages of positive feedback ?

A
  • if underserved the performer may establish incorrect s-r bonds
  • ineffective if unspecific
  • if overused can lead to ignoring feedback or losing its positive effect becoming devalued
20
Q

give an example of when positive feedback is not helpful ?

A
  • a table tennis player hearing lots of positive comments from their coach may feel like its not valueable as it is too often
21
Q

give advantages of negative feedback ?

A

motivates some performers
provides clear areas for the players to work on to improve/ tells performer what they are doing wrong
useful for autonomous players
helps to fine tune well learned skills
prevents drive reduction as it pushed performers to achieve the goal

22
Q

give an example for when motivation is an advantage for negative feedback ?

A

a rugby player being told off for not trying hard enough to stop the other team from scoring a try may become more determined to work harder to stop the opposition

23
Q

give an example as to when clear areas for the performer to work on is beneficial in negative feedback ?

A

a basketball coach criticising the wrist action when shooting gives the player a very specific focus to work on training

24
Q

give disadvantages of negative feedback ?

A
  • can be demotivating and cause the performer to give up
  • can lower self confidence
  • doesn’t tell a performer what they need to do, it could just tell them what they are doing wrong
  • inappropraite for beginners
  • if negative feedback unfounded pr inaccurate it can have detrimental impacts on performance
25
Q

give an examples as to why negative feedback is inappropriate for beginners ?

A
  • if a coach gives negative feedback to a beginner boxer, she feels useless
26
Q

give advantages of extrinsic feedback ?

A
  • coach can observe and give feedback, and have time to think about their feedback
  • helps skill learning for beginners
  • more objective so potentially more accurate
  • if the coach is experienced, the feedback should be accurate and effective
  • motivating, as performer gets attention from coach
  • helps performer develop intrinsic feedback, as a coach tells performer if their movement was correct, and to remember physical feel of movement
27
Q

give an example as to why extrinsic feedback being more objective is a good thing ?

A

a hurdlers coach is not affected by how hard the hurdler felt they tried pr what they thought they had done

28
Q

give an example as to why extrinsic feedback allowing coaches to give accurate and effective feedback is a good thing ?

A
  • olympic level gymnastics coach will be able to give very accurate and constructive feedback
29
Q

give disadvantages of extrinsic feedback ?

A
  • if coach gives inaccurate feedback it can lead to decrease in quality of performance
  • can lead to a drop in motivation for the performer
  • does not develop as much kinaesthetic awareness within the individual
  • performer can become too dependent upon this feedback type if coach isn’t there, performer may struggle
  • if overused can overload or demotivate performer
30
Q

give an example as to when a coach gives inaccurate feedback which can lead to a decrease in quality of performance

A
  • novice coach may give poor feedback to a diver about their rotations mid dive which could result in too much splash on entry
31
Q

give advantages of intrinsic feedback ?

A
  • instant / immediately corrected
  • readily available
  • don’t need to rely on others
  • good for experts
  • helps to develop fluid movements/timings
  • performer is able to think about things such as tactics
32
Q

give an example as to when you do not need to rely on others with intrinsic feedback

A
  • tennis player can feel if the serve was correct they do not need their coach to tell them
33
Q

give an examples as to when intrinsic feedback is good for experts ?

A
  • professional footballers will be able to use intrinsic feedback accurately compared to a beginner
34
Q

give disadvantages of intrinsic feedback

A
  • beginners can’t use it as they do not know the true kinaesthetic feel
  • might not be accurate so can lead to errors
  • some individuals senses or proprioception is not effective
  • some performers who lack confidence may not trust their own feedback and feel the need to have an external source to provided feedback
  • learning how to use intrinsic feedback can take a long time
35
Q

give an example as to when some performers need to have an external source as they do not trust their own feedback

A
  • inexperienced or nervous trampolinist may need a coach to confirm to him that a backdrop was successfully executed
36
Q

give advantages to knowledge of performance feedback

A
  • good for situations where the outcome may not be successful but the movement was
  • allows the coach to focus on positive aspects
  • can tell perfomrer’s how to improve
  • esssential for skill learning
  • helps experts to refine movements
  • increases motivation/ confidence
  • given whilst performer is executing the skill and errors can be quickly corrected
  • effective in some closed skills where technique is important
  • helps develop kinaesthetic awareness
37
Q

give disadvantages of knowledge of performance ?

A
  • if feedback inaccurate can be detrimental
  • some performers may only want to know the outcome
  • can confuse or demotivate beginners if lots of KOP is given
  • takes a long time to develop the kinaesthesis
38
Q

give advantages of knowledge of performance ?

A
  • important for learning to take place or performer needs to know they were successful in order to learn
  • important for beginners
  • important for experts
  • can increase motivation/focus/confidence
  • satisfaction felt when successful KOR will strengthen s-r bond
  • effective when linked to KOP to develop skills/ motivate performers
  • measurable and objective
39
Q

give disadvantages to knowledge of results ?

A
  • can demotivate by focusing on results more than process
  • if result is unsuccessful, perfomer may feel feedback is negative despite the fact they may have improved aspects of performance
  • result outcome doesn’t always effectively inform you about how well you have done
  • can strengthen incorrect s-r bond
  • can only be used once performance is completed
  • isn’t as effective in some closed skills where success measure is technique
  • can be too statistics based