Complications of diabetes mellitus

Question 1

Ischaemic heart disease

(diabetes effects heart by) result of chronic hyperglycaemia/insulinaemia

Answer 1

1. Greater tendency for coronary artery atherosclerosis
2. Diabetic cardiomyopathy- mycordial dysfunction and heart failure
3. Autonomic neuropathy - affects nerve supply to the heart

Question 2

Hypertension

Answer 2

1. Overactivation of sympathetic nervous system

2. Over activation of RAAS system due to diabetic nephropathy

Question 3

Diabetic retinopathy

Answer 3

Diabetes is the most common cause of blindness
- microaneurysms, haemorrhage, new vessel forming in retina

• Macula oedema
• Retinal detatchment
• retinal ischaemia
• Optic neuropathy

Question 4

Diabetic nephropathy

Answer 4

• Damage to kidneys by hyperglycaemia
• Most common cause of end stage renal disease
• Microalbuminurua which progresses to protein urua

Question 5

Diabetic neuropathy

Answer 5

• Sensory peripheral polyneuropathy as hyperglycaemia damages nerves
• loss of sensation
• Wasting of muscles
• Poor blood supply
-> ULCERATION AND AMPUTATION

Question 6

3 main things diabetes causes
• nerve damage
• Damage of bloodvessel -> ischaemia

Answer 6

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