Competency 9 Flashcards
What statements have established human rights throughout the world?
US Declaration of Independence 1776: short letter, written to the Kin of Britain. All men created equal, and have natural rights, including life, liberty, pursuit of happiness
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the citizen: 1789, 17 points created by French national assembly.
United Nation Declaration of Universal Human Rights: 1948 all humans have the right for all freedom, justice, and peace in the world
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child: clarifies the environment that is necessary to enable every human being to develop to their full potential (ensures full development and survival of all children and to establish ways to protect them from neglect, exploitation, and abuse and reognizes parents have the most important role in raising their child)
What have governments used to justify their violating of human rights?
Nativism- fearing and restricting immigrants from coming to a country because of fear the immigrants will threaten the culture, political, and economic values of that country.
Hugenots during Louis XIV reign, were French protestants persecuted by the government, because they were afraid they would undermine the catholic church in france
Chinese Exclusion Act- US 1982, After the Civil War and railroad was done, big anti-chinese feeling in the country, Congress passed laws keeping Chineese immigrants out for 10 years. Made permanet in 1902. Repealed during WWII when Chinese helped US against Japanese.
Internment of People of Japnese ancestry: Alien Registration Act of 1940 was discrimatory toward Japanese people living in US during WWII. Great suspicion that Japanese immigrants were part of a plan to attack the West coast. Japanese and Japanese Americans were put in war relocation camps during WWII even though 62% were citizens.
Bataan Death March: Japanese army in WWII took over the American outpost in Bataan in the Philipines. 75,000 American and Filipino prisoners were captured and forced to march to their prision camp. Many died during the march. Few survivors.
Massacre at Tianamen Square 1989 Beijing China: Students up to 4 million and other people led a peaceful protest for a month asking for Democracy. Military cracked down using tanks, took prisoners, and not known how many people died.
What is Genocide?
Any of the following acts committed intended to destroy a group of peopel wether its national, ethnic, racial , or religious groups by killing, causing serious bodily or mental harm, imposing measures to prevent births (violent rapes), taking children away, inflicting a way of life that limits survival.
What are examples of Genocide in world history?
American natives: systematically pushed west. war- Massacre at wounded knee wiped out native populations. relocation to reservations on undesireble land.
Armenian Genocide: Ottoman Empire 1915-1917 forced mass evacuation of over 1 million armenains. Many died or executed. Happened because Armenians were Christians in Muslim Empire. When Russians defeated Ottoman empire in 1915, Turks blamed Armenians.
Holocaus = final solution. Before the organized mass murder of Jews, Jews had already been stripped of property, posessions, and their rights. 1 million had been killed. Kristall Nacht happened in 1938 when Nazis coordinated attack on all businesses and synogagues. All glass was broken. Jews herded to certain neighborhoods under strick control, then relocated to internment camps, concentration camps, and death camps. Primary target were Jews. But also Gypsies, homossexuals, and political opponets.
Pogrom: Have to leave or you get killed or imprisioned (Jews- Fidler on the Roof)
Rwanda 1994: ethnic conflict between Tutsis and Hutus. Hutus killing Tutsis in a genocide. Tutsis won but Hutus caused conflict in Congo. Horrible about this Genocide- how fast and violent it was and US and world ignored it.
Serbia killing Bosnia: in this genocide, NATO interfered and established peace
What do we call Genocide today?
Ethnic cleansing
What is the Transatlantic Slave Trade?
purchase and transportation of people in west and central Africa to the new world for slavery.
How did Europeans get the slaves?
Africans sold their prisoners of war or criminals
What did the Europeans trade the slaves for with the Africans?
Guns, and manufactured goods
What was the slave trade triangle?
ships would leave Europe with manufactured goods, traded in Africa for slaves. Slaves taken to America and sold for agricultural products (tobacco, sugar) and goods taken back to Europe.
Why was slvary accepted in America?
much of the church teaching accepted slavery and many felt blacks should labor in exchange for the blessings of a better life including Christianity.
What crops did slaves harvest in the South?
coffee, cotton, tobacco, and sugar (most labor intensive)
What was the Irish famine?
1845-1849 blight (fungus) found on all potato crops in Ireland which was their primary food source. Resulted in 500,000-1 million people dying. Mass migration to other countries, especially US
How did the Irish Famine affect Ireland?
It changed the Irish culture and tradition. Population decreased by 1911, gone down over 2 million from 1851. Ships that took Irish immigrants to US were called Coffin ships, because many died on bored. By 1850, Irish accounted for 1/4 of population of Boston, NYC, Philadephia, and Baltimore.
Who are some important people who have fought for Universal Human Rights?
Margret Fuller: women’s right activist. first female journalist to work on major newspaper
Federic Douglass: escaped slave, brilliant orator (makes speeches), abolitionist, worked on fighting discrimination laws against blacks
Jane Addams: social reformer who founded Hull House in Chicago. Worked for women’s rights and peace. Won Noble Peace Prize in 1931.
Ghandi: from India, taught methods of past resistence, non-violent protests, including hunger strikes and boycotts, to influence England into letting India have their independence. Assisinated just after India got its independence.
Margaret Sanger: fought for birth control. Led the planned parenthood federation
Elenor Roosevelt: wife of FDR, famous for her humanitarian and diplomatic effors. representative in UN for US
Martin Luther King JR: advocated non-violent protest to segreagation and injustice. Noble Peace Prize
Cesar Chavez: american labor leader, 1960’s who organized united farm workers, union that led boycotts against lettece and grape industry
Ellie Wiesel: 20th century Jewish writer, Holocause survivor. Noble Peace Prize 1986. Called messenger to mankind. overcome his own horriffic background to deliever a message of peace, atonement, and human dignity.
Nelson Mandela: Fought against apartheid in South Africa. was inprisioned for almost 30 years, became president of South Africa
Who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin?
Harrier beecher Stowe- about the horrors of slavery
