Competency 7 Flashcards
In the early 1900’s, how did the Industrial Revolution lead to reform?
Industrial Revolution created huge gap between rich and poor, particularly Moguls (owners, chairmen of board) and working people. Working conditions were difficult and there was need for reform. Also, there was political corruption and the need for reform in the government.
What are muckrackers?
reporters who wrote news stories about political and business scandals that they discovered.
What was the result of the muckrackers?
Progressive Era of 1900-1917
What was the Progressive Era?
movement that worked on making the government rid of social ills and promote the common good and equality guranteed by the Constitution.
What were the results of progressivism?
17th Amendment, which required all US senators to be chosen by election.
19th Amendment- gave women the right to vote
Economic reforms- Many acts were passed including Sherman Anti-Trust act, Elkins Act & Hepburn act (regulated railroads), pure food and drug act (no harmful chemicals in food), meat inspection act (meat not tainted), department of commerce & labor (stop child labor and compensation for workers)
Envronmental Impact- Theodore Roosevelt set aside 238 million acres of federal lands to make into national parks.
Federal Reserce Act- created national banking system
federal trade commission
16th Amendment- established income tax to help relieve the poor and make the wealthy pay a greater share of the nation’s tax burden
Who was the leading black spokesman from 1890-1915?
Booker T. Washington. Educator and believed in Education especially vocation education for African American (career training)
Who was W. E. B. Dubois?
fought for black rights and his efforts resulted in the formation of the Urban League and the NAACP (strongest group organization for Black people). Make sure that they fight for rights for Black people.
What event marks the start of the Depression?
1929 Stock Market Crash
What attitudes and actions of the 1920’s set the stage for the 1929 stock market crash and the Great Depression?
- Uneven distribution of wealth- caused by increased manufacturing productivity, but not increase for pay in workers. So all profits were going to the top .01% of the population. President Calvin Coolidge’s administration favored business and the wealthy. This weakened the economy. Credit was introduced.
- Risky investments in the stock market- government invested in technology (automotive and radio industries) and not in agriculture as they had during WWI when US was feeding much of Europe so farmers fell into debt. The automotive and radio industries slowed due to market saturation (have enough) that caused other dependent industries to also begin to lose money.
- Europe’s economy after WWI was poor because most of Europe was in debt to the US
- Federal government increased interest rates as Stock market declined
What were the immediate effects of the Stock Market Crash of 1929?
- Unemployment reached 25% nationwide
- HUGE number homeless (hoovervilles)
- Hunger lines
- Banks failed
- Dust Bowl
- Businesses failed
This all caused the Depression
Who beat Herbert Hoover in the 1932 Presidential election?
FDR because of his promise for a New Deal
What was the New Deal?
Legislation that FDR asked Congress to pass for Relief, Recovery, and Reform
Explain the 3 steps of the New Deal.
- relieve suffering with job creation projects.
- Recovery- stimulate the economy. Get people buying things again.
- Create social and economic change Ex: social security introduced.
What were alphabet organizations?
Part of FDRs New Deal.
AAA- Agricultral Adjustment Administration- helped farmer crop prices
CCC- Civilian Conversation Corps- get young men to be forest rangers
CWA- Civil Works Administration- build parks, roads, repair buildings
PWA- Public Works Administration- “ and hoover damn
WPA- Works Progress Administration- jobs program
TVA- TN Valley Authority- made huge damn on TN river, makes electricity. Hoover damn
SS Act- Pensions to the aid and to those who can’t work
Why did the nation’s economy not fully recover until America enter WWII?
Provided Jobs
What were the ideologies in America after WWII?
Capitalism: You’re in charge of your own destiny with how hard you work, and how well you invest
Socialism: Everything is shared by everyone. Never works!
Communism: Government will hold on to resources and will take care of you
Fascism: economy run by dictator. Creates popularity by masses because it substitutes nationalism for class system. Famous- Mussoulini, Italy during WWII
What is WWI also called?
The Great War
Who were the 2 sets of powers fightining in WWI?
Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungry, Turkey
Allied Powers: France, Britain, Russia, Italy, US, Japan
Who was President during WWI?
1917 President Woodrow Wilson
What was the final straw that made the US join the allied powers in WWI?
After the sinking of the Lucitania (passanger ship), the US found out about the Zimmerman note (telegram from Germany to Mexico promising Mexico to restore land from the US if they joined the war)(Threat to fighting US)
Which war was the first war that American troops fought on European soil?
WWI
What was new about how war was fought in WWI?
use of submarines, ariplanes, poioned gas, trench warfare
What did Wilson create as part of the treaty in WWI?
League of Nations, which was an international group of nations, where they could gather to resolve differences without war.
What list of agreement President Wilson propose that became the primary basis for the peace treaty ending WWI?
Fourteen Points
Why was the Lague of Nations not a success?
Americans did not want to be involved in international/global affairs. US became issolationists again.
What is Appeasement?
these were diplomatic solutions European countries attempted when Adolf Hitler made demands.
Who were the 2 powers that fought in WWII?
Allies: Great Britain, France, Soviet Union, and eventually US
Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan
What happened on December 7, 1941, that caused US to enter WWII?
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
What was the most significant result of WWII for the US?
It emerged as the strongest power on Earth
After WWII, what was the 2nd strongest power on earth?
Soviet Union
What did the US do to combat Communism after WWII?
- Marshall Plan: Economic aid sent to Europe to prevent spread of Communism
- Truman Doctrine: Military aid givin to countries in danger of Communist takeover.
- Joined NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization. All the countries that border the Atlantic Ocean. Worked together with Western Europe to prevent Communist take over
- United Nations formed: Replaced League of Nations. Eisenhower Doctrine (general during WWII): aimed at trying to maintain Peace in Middle East. Not successful
- Korean War/Vietnam War
1970’s- US & foreign policy called Detente, which was working between Communist and Western powers to ease tensions.
1980’s renewal of Cold war with communist threat in Central America, but Soviet Union had falling economy and breakdown of communist block (Berlin Wall came down) and by early 1990’s Sviet Union disbanded.
What was the Warsaw Pact?
Soviet Unon & supporting countries including all of Eastern Union formed a military organization versus NATO.
What was the main symbol of the Cold War?
Arms race: Continual buildup of Missles, tanks, and other weapons more and more technologically advanced and deadly. Ultimate weapon was nuclear bomb.
What was the Iron Curtain?
Invisible line drawn between Western Europe and Eastern Europe during the Cold War.
When did the Soviet Union collapse?
1991
What countries are communist today?
China, North Korea, Cuba
What were some Geo-Political results into the Middle East?
State of Isreal was formed
Surrounded by Arab nations
Struggle for Supremecy in Persian Gulf area has caused numerous conflicts driven by oil
What is today’s King of Natural Resources?
Oil
Who said Democracy was like a “rotting corpose that had to be replaced by a superior way of life and a more efficient government”
Mussoulini- Facist leader in Italy during WWII
When did the US become a superpower?
After WWII, the US entered the greatest economic growth in its history
What was the opposite of NATO?
Warsaw Pact (Soviet Union’s military alliance with Eastern Europe)
What is the opposite of the Warsaw Pact?
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization that includes US and western European countries)
