Competency 8 Flashcards
What were 2 other names for the Iroquois nation?
Haudenosaunee (league of peace and power)
People of the Longhouse
What area did the Haudenosaunee live in?
Originally between the Adirondaks and Niagara Falls. Then, throough conquest and migration, controlled most of Northeastern US and eastern Canada.
The Iroquois had a constitution before the Europeans came. What was it called?
Gayanashagowa (great law of peace)
What was wampum?
Beads used to record important events. Farm crops, wisdom, etc.
What was the government of the Iroquois confederacy?
A council ruled consisting of 50 chiefs. Each nation was signed a set number of chiefs and the chiefs were chosen by the clan matrons.
How did the Iroquois live?
Hunting & Gathering, Farming
What nation did the Iroquois not get along with?
Algonquin
Why did the Iroquois decision to help the British during the Revolutionary war backfire?
They fought against the colonists patriots and when the patriots won, the Iroqouis were driven into Southern Ontario.
What influence did the Iroquois have in the setting up of the US country?
The Iroquois government was sophisticated with the system of checks/balances and supreme law. They were also very good at diplomacy and their central authority was limited so each tribe could have autonomy (self-govern). The framers of the Articles of the Confederation and the Constitution used much of the Iroquois political system to make the US political system.
In the 1600’s, what European nation were the main trading partners of the Iroquois?
Dutch
Explain a little about the Algonquian people and their way of life.
Shared same language and extended from Northern and Eastern NY. Best birch canoe makers lived in Whigwams (round huts).traded with the French. Lived on the Ottowa River (big trade route) and they were allies with the French. Enemies with the Iroquois which is why the Iroquois took side with British (They hated the French)
Who was the first explorer in NY?
Henry Hudson (English, but couldn’t get sponsorship by England, so sponsored by Dutch)
Why was Henry Hudson exploring NY?
looking for water route to Asia and found a river, called it Hudson River.
Who firs explored Manhatten Island?
Adrian Block
What was the first European settlement in NY?
New Amsterdam 1624. Sponsored by Dutch West India Company
Where did the first Dutch settlers settle in NY?
First along Hudson River near today’s Albany. Next group settled in Mangatten Island today’s NYC
Who was the first governor of New Amsterdam and why is he important?
He was the first governor and purchased Manahatten Island from the Natives for 24 dollars of trinkets
Who purchased Manhatten for 24 dollars of trinkets from the Natives?
Peter Minuit
What was the entire Dutch colony called?
New Netherland and it ranged in today’s NY up to the Hudson River, part of NJ
What was the economy of New Netherland?
Fur trading and farming
What was the downfall of New Netherland?
Willem Kieft and Peter Stuyvesant tried to rule as dictaors in 1600’s. In 1650, he was forced to give Long Island to the British.
What happened in 1664?
The English forced the Dutch to surrender New Amsterdam, which became NY and King Charles II (King of England) gave Long Island to the Duke of York, who lived in York, England. That’s how it got its name NEW York
England wanted NY because….?
They already controlled all the colonies North and South of the Atlandtic Coast and needed NY to complete their 13 colonies.
What were the Duke’s laws?
The first English governor of NY drafted the Duke’s laws that permitted the people to elect their own officials and police and gave the freedom of religion.