Competency 8 Flashcards
What were 2 other names for the Iroquois nation?
Haudenosaunee (league of peace and power)
People of the Longhouse
What area did the Haudenosaunee live in?
Originally between the Adirondaks and Niagara Falls. Then, throough conquest and migration, controlled most of Northeastern US and eastern Canada.
The Iroquois had a constitution before the Europeans came. What was it called?
Gayanashagowa (great law of peace)
What was wampum?
Beads used to record important events. Farm crops, wisdom, etc.
What was the government of the Iroquois confederacy?
A council ruled consisting of 50 chiefs. Each nation was signed a set number of chiefs and the chiefs were chosen by the clan matrons.
How did the Iroquois live?
Hunting & Gathering, Farming
What nation did the Iroquois not get along with?
Algonquin
Why did the Iroquois decision to help the British during the Revolutionary war backfire?
They fought against the colonists patriots and when the patriots won, the Iroqouis were driven into Southern Ontario.
What influence did the Iroquois have in the setting up of the US country?
The Iroquois government was sophisticated with the system of checks/balances and supreme law. They were also very good at diplomacy and their central authority was limited so each tribe could have autonomy (self-govern). The framers of the Articles of the Confederation and the Constitution used much of the Iroquois political system to make the US political system.
In the 1600’s, what European nation were the main trading partners of the Iroquois?
Dutch
Explain a little about the Algonquian people and their way of life.
Shared same language and extended from Northern and Eastern NY. Best birch canoe makers lived in Whigwams (round huts).traded with the French. Lived on the Ottowa River (big trade route) and they were allies with the French. Enemies with the Iroquois which is why the Iroquois took side with British (They hated the French)
Who was the first explorer in NY?
Henry Hudson (English, but couldn’t get sponsorship by England, so sponsored by Dutch)
Why was Henry Hudson exploring NY?
looking for water route to Asia and found a river, called it Hudson River.
Who firs explored Manhatten Island?
Adrian Block
What was the first European settlement in NY?
New Amsterdam 1624. Sponsored by Dutch West India Company
Where did the first Dutch settlers settle in NY?
First along Hudson River near today’s Albany. Next group settled in Mangatten Island today’s NYC
Who was the first governor of New Amsterdam and why is he important?
He was the first governor and purchased Manahatten Island from the Natives for 24 dollars of trinkets
Who purchased Manhatten for 24 dollars of trinkets from the Natives?
Peter Minuit
What was the entire Dutch colony called?
New Netherland and it ranged in today’s NY up to the Hudson River, part of NJ
What was the economy of New Netherland?
Fur trading and farming
What was the downfall of New Netherland?
Willem Kieft and Peter Stuyvesant tried to rule as dictaors in 1600’s. In 1650, he was forced to give Long Island to the British.
What happened in 1664?
The English forced the Dutch to surrender New Amsterdam, which became NY and King Charles II (King of England) gave Long Island to the Duke of York, who lived in York, England. That’s how it got its name NEW York
England wanted NY because….?
They already controlled all the colonies North and South of the Atlandtic Coast and needed NY to complete their 13 colonies.
What were the Duke’s laws?
The first English governor of NY drafted the Duke’s laws that permitted the people to elect their own officials and police and gave the freedom of religion.
The first years of NY, there was conflict. Why?
the first governors guranteed rights, but eventually the King began taking those rights away and establishing its own legislative government in the colony.
What was the main economy of NY?
Farming on the land and along the coastal areas, fishing, whaling (oils from whales to light lamps), and ship building
What is mercantilism?
theory based upon the idea that a nation must EXPORT more than it imports in order to build a strong and stable economy. (sell more than you buy)
Why was NY important in opposing the Stamp Act?
1765- Stamp Act congress met in NY, which was a group of representatives from the colonies that opposed the stamp act and led a boycott on British goods. NY tea party
Why is NY considered a principal background of the Revolutionary war?
Nearly 1/3 of the battles were fought in NY. British wanted control of NYC and Long Island because it was a major harbor.
Where were some of the battles of the Revolutionary War in NY?
1776, Battle of Long Island. British won and eventually took over Manhatten
Fort Ticonderoga- Lake Champlain.
Battle of Saratoga- critical turing point in war for colonists. Americans won. Result- French decided to help the Americans in the war.
Why was NYC an important place in colonial times?
Huge harbor. Wooden wall was built. Center of commerce. Treaty at the end of the street where traders and dealers gathered, later became a NY stock exchange.
What 2 waterways helped to make NYC one of the largest and busiest cities in America?
Hudson River and Erie Canal
Explain about the building of the Erie Canal.
Built between 1817 and 1825. 863 miles long. 80 locks. Connected Atlantic Ocean through the Hudson River, to the Great Lakes. It was the pricipal trading route for the northeast to the midwest. As a result- canals connected other waterways in NY and eventually in 1918, led to the barge canal, which opened up the St. Lawrence seaway.
What replaced the Erie Canal in the 2nd half of the 19th century?
Railroads
Why is NYC important today?
global center for business and commerce. One of the main cities in the world to control world finance. It’s critical to Insurance and realestate industries. Most important center for publishing, mass media, journalism, leading place for medical research, technlogy, fashion, and the arts. Houses the UN. Has been a point of entry for millions of Immigrants. Created the Melting Pot.
What is the symbol of opportunity and freedom in NY?
Statue of Liberty, given to US by the French
What item was the foundation for an economy based on trade and commerce in NY in the 1600’s?
Furs
What is the Harlem Renasissance?
Came about in the 1920’s & 1930’s when African Americans of the South migrated to Harlem in NYC and created a cultural movement that celebrates the black experience, black traditions, black voices, through music, art, and literature
When did Puerto Rico become a territory of the US?
After Spanish-American War
Explain the migration of Peuerto Ricans to the continent of the US.
In 1917, Peurto Ricans became US citizens, but they have no representation in Congress. They are not really immigrants. The migration to NY was slow in the early 1900’s because of poverty, depression, boat fare. But, by mid 1960’s, more than a million puerto rico’s were on the mainland.
Why was there a sudden migration in the 1950’s & 60’s from Puerto Rico to the US?
Continuing economic depression in Puerto Rico, US recruited workers. After WWII, veterans did not want to go back to puerto rico, air travel became affordable
What is the Spanish Harlem?
Part of Manhatten where many Puerto Ricans settled.
