Competency 5 Flashcards
Why did the Native Americans have different customs, housing, clothes, religion?
natural resources
How many native american languages were there?
200 languages & 1500 dialects
What were the 6 main groups of Native American groups of tribes?
Woods People- ny. husnted, fished, 3 sisters
Plains people- Mississippi river to rocky mountains. became great horsemen
Southwestern tribes- New Mexico and Arizona. Clift dwellers, nomads, brick housing
California tribes- lived on acron seeds and fish. least advanced.
Northwest Coast- Washington, Alaska. no farming, fish people. lived in wooden houses
Plateau people- between Pacific coast and plains. brush huts, underground houses, lived on fish. Desert
explain the religion of the native peoples.
- very religious- believed every object had spiritual power
- divided into clans. clans had totem, powerful animal they believed to have descended from
- Worshipped sun and 4 directions
- shaman (priest), medicine man. sickness result of displeasng spirit
What was the highest virtue of Native Americans?
self control, hiding emotions, and honesty
What was the government like of the Native Americans?
each individual was responsible for governing oneself and respecting the rights of others. Chiefs carried out the will of the tribe. Boundaries were determined by treaties with neighbors. Some tribes organized a confederation. Example: Iroquois confederation was also called 5, later 6 nations
What was one consistent cultural element among the Native American peoples?
smoking of the pipe called calumet at beginning and end of war
What is the primary difference between Native American and European belief about land?
Europeans believed in claiming, owning, and controlling land. natives believed in sharing land. That is why they were taken over.
What 4 European countries colonized the Americas?
England, France, Spain, Portegul (Netherlands for short time)
England: East coast from Maine to Ga, parts of Canada, West Indies Islands (Cuba, Haiti, Bahamas)
New France: Louisiana Territory, Mississipi Valley, Lawrence Valley, Great Lakes, Quebec WI
Spain: Mexico, California, Florida, South America, WI
Portegual: Brazil
Why is it important to know about New France in Colonial America?
The french had 2 major settlements at Montreal and New Orleans and so had control of two major entrances into middle of North America from St. Lawrence River and Mississippi River as well as Great Lakes.
Why was France a threat to the English colonies?
they had all the water trade from the St. Lawrence river, Mississippi River, and the Great Lakes and their tributaries.
What natural resource gave the wealth for New France and France?
Furs. Most colonists lived along the St. Lawrence river. Fur traders lived in the interior and the fur traders would trade with the Indians and bring the furs to the colonists in the Spring when the ship came in from France.
Who was the most powerful nation in Western Europein the mid 1700’s?
France. Superior army, competitive navy
Why did people come to the New World?
- Adventure
- Desire for land
- To get Rich
- To expand their countries empire
- Some came to convert the Natives into Christianity
What were the first Spanish settlements in the New World?
Carribean Islands including Haiti, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Cuba
What was the first permanent settlement in today’s United States?
St. Augustine, FL 1565
1609 Santa fey, New Mexico
Which European country had the longest control over the New World?
Spain
By 1763, which of the 3 major western European powers was the most powerful?
England
What were the reasons the English people decided to settle in the American colonies?
- Religious freedom
- Political freedom
- Economic prosperity
- To own land
The American colonies were divided into 3 sections. What were they?
- New England: Massachutsets, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Connecticuit
- Mid-Atlantic: NY, PA, NJ, Deleware, Maryland
- Southern cononies: Va, Ga, N/S Carolina
What was the economy of the New England colonies?
life centered on the towns. Each family did its own farming. Economy based on manufacturing, ship building, trade, fishing
What was the economy of the Mid-Atlantic colonies?
farming. Farms were large and had enough food for trading. Known as bread basket of the New World. Had ship building, iron mines, and produced paper, glass, and textiles
What was the economy of the Southern colonies?
Farming. long growing season. huge farms called plantations. Eventually, used slaves for the work.
What was special about VA in the 1600’s?
- had first permanent English colony, Jamestown
- In 1619, 60 women were sent to Jamestown to marry and establish families
- 1619, 20 Africans arrived as the first slaves in America
- 1619, VA colonists granted right to self-government. Elected their own representatives to the House of Burgesses (legislative body)
Why was America called the “Melting Pot”?
People settled in the colonies from diverse backgrounds and cultures coming from many different countries, religions, social classes
What was grown on the Southern plantations?
Rice, tobacco, indigo, cotton, wheat
What was the difference between the Southern colonists who lived on the coastal cities and those who lived inland?
People in the coastal towns had lifestyle similar to England, in houses, clothing, social classes. People inland needed to make everything they needed to survive and so were very independent and did not judge others by dress, homes, language, etc.
Why did the colonists begin to have problems with England in the mid-1700’s?
England had let the colonies be fairly independent until after the French and Indian war when it needed the colonists to pay for the war. The King in the Parliment raised taxes in the colonies to pay off the debt from the war.
What 2 European countries were constantly in conflict in the 1700’s?
France and England
What was the cause of the French & Indian war (7 years war)?
British colonists wanted to move over the Appalacian mountains to Ohio Valley. French were resisitant, Natives sided with British, War happened and English and Indians won. However, in order for the Indians support, the British had to send the colonists east over the Appalacian mountains. Colonists angry, beginning of unrest.
How did the British win the French & Indian war?
captured Louis Berg along st. Lawrence River and New France could not get soldiers, supplies, and messages from France.
What happened in 1763?
Spain, France, and England met in Paris to sign Treaty of Versailles. Great Brittain controlls India, and all of North America east of the Mississippi River except for New Orleans. France lost all territories, allowed to keep all Islands. Spain gave Brittain FL. France gave Spain New Orleans and Louisiana. Britain was now the most powerful nation.
How did the French and Indian war benefit the American colonists for their future?
- many colonists fought with the British and their experience helped them later in the American Revolution, especially G.W.
- The colonies began to realize that they needed to wokr with each other
- Benjamin Franklin’s idea of uniting the colonies permanently began to spread
What were the Navigation Acts?
laws Great Britain issued to protect trade in the 1600’s.
- all shipping and trade within the Brittish Empire must use ships
- Colonial products could only be sold to England
- Colonies could only buy from England (tea from China had to be bought from Englad)
How did the Protestant Reformation and the Enlightenment affect the American colonies?
Religious freedom, new ways of thinking about human rights & dignity
What factors & influences created a different mindset in American colonies?
- people came to the colonies for religious freedom
- new belif that government is for the people
- trading companies started to take over the right to make decisions and policies instead of the English government
- Colonists continued English law that protected the right of ownership
- Diverse population with many having no strong loyalty to England
- Colonies were practicing local representative government
Why did King George III in 1763 proclaim the land between the mountains and the Mississippi River reserved only for Native Americans?
Result of French & Indian War promises to the natives and he wanted to keep it to 13 colonies to keep it easier to control them
Why did King George III leave an army of 10,000 troops in the colonies after the French and Indian war?
wanted to protect them from the Indians and to protect the Canadian border from the French. But to do this, the colonists had to pay for it whether they wanted to or not…. stamp act
What was the Stamp Act?
special tax on anything made out of PAPER. Money paid for English soliders in the colonies after the French and indian war
What was the response of the colonists to the Stamp Act?
colonists were angry because they had no say, said they could protect themselves and didn’t need an army. “No taxation without representation” (representation in govenment)
What acts were passed by the English Government to get money from the colonists?
- Sugar Act 1764: extra tax on any molasses (sweeten everything). English officials had the right to search houses of anyone suspected of breaking the law
- Stamp Act of 1775: resistence from the colonists, sons of liberty (secret group that met to fight the King) burned stamps. King repealed Act in 1776 (took away)
- Townshend Act 1776: Colonists must pay salaries of government oficials and judges sent by the King that colonies had no voice in. Result: threat to boycott, then King repealed except for tax on tea. Result: Boston Tea Party
- Quartering Act 1776: colonists had to let soliders live in their houses. Response: Boston Massacre- attack on soliders, soldiers killed some people in mob. Not repealed
Who were the sons of liberty:
colonists that met as a secret group to resist the English laws. Led by Smuel Adams, Paul Revere, Benjamin Franklin