Competency 6 Flashcards
Describe the first political parties in America.
Torries & Whigs
Torries: did not want independence from England. Known as loyalists- loyal to the King
Whigs: Wanted independence, supported the war for freedom, also called patriosts
What happened to the torries after the American Revolution?
Most went to England or Canada
What political parties developed after GW became President?
Nationalists/ Federalists: favored strong, central government
Anti-federalists: later known as Republicans, who then became Democratic-Republicans and eventually became Democrats. Favored states having more power than central government
Anti-Masosnic Party: opposed free masons who were accused of being a secret society
Free soil party: opposed slavery in lands acquired from Mexican war
Liberty party: against slavery; abolitionists
New Republican party: combination of Whigs and Northern Democrats opposed to slavery
Democratic party: came from anti-federalists group. mostly in the South and pro-slavery
American party: against Irish Catholics coming into US
Constitution Union party: formed in 1860, wanted to do away with slavery
National Union party: in 1864, formed for Lincoln election, helped to relect Lincoln
Liberal Republican Party: opposed to Ulyssius S. Grant.
Anti-Monopoly Party: 1789
Greenback party: 1878, advocated using paper money instead of just coins
Populist party: farmers who opposed gold standard (everything based on value of gold)
Farmer-Labor Party: supported farmers and labor and social security and then merged with Democratic party
Progressive Party: 1912
American Labor Party: Socialist party existed in NY for a little while
American workers party: communist party
Progressive Party: 1948
Communist Party
Reform Party
Why had there been so many political parties in American history?
parties come and go because usually they are opposing something. Once the problem is gone, the party is not needed anymore.
What are the 3 major political parties in US today?
Republicans
Democrats
Libitarians
Libitarian party believes in very limited government
After the War of 1812, how did the US begin to grow?
- Red River Cession: got land that included North & South Dakota and Minnesota from Great Britain as part of the war
- 1819: FL, Alabama, Mississipi, and LA- US got from Spain
- 1848: After war with Mexico, US got CA, Utah, Nevada, TX
- 1846: US got the Oregon country including Idaho, Oregon, and Washington
- 1853 Gadsden purchase: bought New Mexico and Arizona from Mexico
Back in Jefferson’s presidency, US bought Lousiana Purchase form France- 1st acquisition of land
What was differnet about President Andrew Jackson from previous presidents?
A.J.’s presidency caused the government influence to spring from the wealthy aristocratic to the interests of the western farmers and pioneers because that is where President Jackson was from
Explain the economic issues during A.J.’s presidency.
- Jackson believed in equal political power for all
- American system was the name of the new ecnomic measures that came after the war of 1812. American system involved tarrifs (taxes) that protected farmers and manufacturers and stimulated industrial growth in employment in America (American became economically self-sufficient)
- Economy got stronger
4, Back in 1816- Congress passed a high tarrif and chartered a second bank in US
- 1832, Jackson fought to get rid of bank when he became Presidnet, because believed bank was a monopoly that favoered the rich
- During Jackson’s presidency, Congress voted to renew the banks charter, but Jackson vetoed it. He took out the governments money and the bank collapsed
- In 1828, Congress passed a law, putting high tariffs on imported goods.
- South Carolina felt the tarrif favored New England because they were the manufacturers
- John Callhoun, who was Jackson’s vice presidnet, led South Carolina into threatening to seceed (to detatch from union to become own country) from the nation. Jackson believed the states had rights, but believed keeping the union together was more important. So he worked with Congress to lower the tarrifs.
Why is the Jacksonian era important to study?
During his presidency the isues of the tarrifs between the North and the South causes South Carolina to threaten to seced from the nation. Jackson averts the crisis, but this eventually happens 30 years later.
What were the social issues of the 1815 up to 1900?
Slavery
Women’s Rights
Working conditons
Temperance (alcohol)
Prisions
Insane asylum
What was the most intense and controversial issue from 1815-1900?
Abolitionist efforts to end slavery
How did technology impact the Industrial Revolution?
better roads, erie canal, steamboats- helped to transport the goods
factories- helped to make the goods
railroads- helped to transport goods across the country
What is the purpose of technology?
To make life easier
Why did Western expansion occur?
- economic reason: cotton main crop of Southern states because of Industrial Revolution the demand was greater for cotton to be grown (Eli Whitney invented cotton gin which made it faster to clean the cotton) so southern farms expanded west and slavery expanded too. Trappers, miners, merchants, ranchers, and others were looking to get rich, went west. Gold Rush 1848 (CA) Fur companies hired men (mountain men) to go west for furs.
- Religious reasons: missionaries traveled west with traders to teach natives and settlers about Christ. They sent word back east for more settlers and a huge migration happened, Oregon Trail.
- Political reason: Manifest Destiny (US was destined to control land between two oceans- God given right) Government gave land cheap to people who would settle out West
Explain what happened in TX in the 1800’s.
TX was ruled by Spain until Mexico got their independence in 1821. Americans that lived in TX were allowed to stay. More and more Americans went to TX, Mexico worried that the US would try to make a state in Mexico after we won the war with Mexico.
What was the Clermont?
first steam boat invented by Robert Fulton.
Why was the invention of the steam boat important?
Faster transportation and carrying goods and could go against current. Led to invention of the railroad. Helped promote Western expansion.
How are social and political movements identified?
Scope (seeking change in value systems ex. slavery)
Type of change (wether you want to have new values or preserve same values)
target gropus (movement that would affect one specific group ex. civil rights, women’s rights)
method of action (peaceful or violent)
Time (old movements are before 20th cenutry, new movements from 1950’s up)
Range (wether its global or local)
What were the affects of the Western expansion?
US grew
US became the world’s leading agricultural nation. This meant we made the most food in the world and we still do.
People were exposed to new literature, art, drama, and political rallies.
Communication and travel improved
Discovery of Gold and other minerals caused many settlers to move
Pulblic schools established, children educated. country developed own unique culture and literacy
Factories required more labor
Women & Children worked long hours/days
Immigrants were hired and coming to Ellis Island
Social reform for working conditions, laws were not yet created, but there was the beginning of organized labor movements
Financial cycles caused opposition between the political parties setting up the civil war
Slavery continued to divide the country, election of Abraham Lincoln divided it even further
What was the first Great Awakening?
Religious movement in 1730’s and 40’s among puritans seeking to return to strict morales and values.Unified the colonists and supported Independence from England
What was the 2nd Great Awakening?
Great revival, began in 1820’s. Awakened religion where people centered on sin and weeding out sin with social reform. Results were Evangelizing west, social activism, ex. temperance movement, prision reform, help for handicapped and mentally ill, abolition.
What was the 3rd Great Awakening?
Missionary awakening, 1858-1908. Major growth in protestant denominations. Fought for labor rights for children and women. mandatory for elementary education for all children, establishing a set work day, protecting children from abuse, improving care for sick, temperance movement in full force.
Why are the Great Awakenings important to American History?
Religious movements within Protestant Churches went hand in hand with social issues of the times. The response of the Great Awakenings led to social reform. God is always at work.strong history of fighting for people’s rights- God’s people
Who was impacted by the Westward Expansion?
Native Americans
What were 2 of the most notable battles between Natives and Americans?
Battle of Bighorn: 1876, General Custard killed
Battle of Wounded Knee: 1890, total massacre of Native Americans by the soldiers
What was the result of the Battle of Bighorn?
US government ordered Native Americans to live on Reservations
What are Reservations?
land set aside by US Government for Native Americans to live on
What did reformers do to try to integrate Native Americans with white people?
Children were educated in Indian boarding schools, however, they were forced to give up all aspects of their culture and identity
What was the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924?
During WWI, Native Americans were drafted to serve during the war. People believed natives should be able to merge into mainstream society, therefore, this act was passed so that Native Americans could be granted US citizenship
Why did Native American population significantly decrease by the end of 19th century?
- wars
- loss of land and food sources
- Life on Reservations extremely difficult
- Introduction of disease
Who were the movers and shakers of the 19th century in the US?
Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Women’s Rights
Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell: First woman Dr.
What were the contributions of the Hispanic Americans to American life and culture in the 1800s?
Mexicans taught Californians to pan for Gold
6 states name has a Spanish origin
What contributions did the Native Americans make to the life and culture of US in the 1800s?
Teachers
What contributions did the Asian Americans make to America in the 1800s?
Built Transcontinental Railroad
mining metals providing labor
Describe the impact of slavery in the new US.
- constitutional convention, 2 of the major comprises had to deal with slavery. 3/5 compromise & commerce compromise- high taxes on imports, southerners were afraid Congress would import slaves and so the compromise was slaves would be imorted for 20 more years, maximum $10 tax per person
- Cotton was increasingly more important crop in the south and farmers could not get people to work for them because they had opportunities to purchase land cheap in the West so resorted to Slavery
- 1819, 21 states, 11 free, 10 slave. clash about MO as a state. MO going to be a slave state and this created conflict so Congress admitted Maine as a free state at the same time.
- After the MO compromise, slavery was not allowed north of latitude 36 degress. MO discriminated against free blacks, uproar in Congress by anti-slavery supporters, who wanted to kick MO out of US. Henry Clay proposed 2nd MO compromise (Henry Clay was known as the Great Compromiser) 2nd Compromise was when Henry Clay made it so that MO could not be a state, unless they complied with the Constitution and not their own constitution.
- During this time, nation enjoyed the “era of good feelings”- people moving west, industry growing in north, agriculture growing, to support all these economic activities, groups were borrowing heavily from the banks. Problems with the banks and the fact that England could get cotton cheaper from India, caused an economic decline in America.
- High tariffs were passed and South Carolina threatened to secede from union. Tariffs were lowered, but divisions in the regions of the country were getting deeper, the abolition movement was growing rapidly
- At the same time, TX became a republic, wanted to become a state, TX allowed slavery. Congress said no because of the balance of free and slave sates. They were afraid of war with Mexico, which ended up happening 1845.
- After Mexican War over, it established the Southwestern boundary of the US as the pacific ocean.
- US continued to grow, adding new territiores that would later become states. Northerners wanted these states to not be allowed to have slavery and the Southern states wanted them to be slavery. A third facion (group of peope) wanted “popular sovereignty” which means the people lived in the territories could decide wether they wanted slavery or not. Result- Comprommise of 1850. This was California was a free state, no more slave trading in Washington D.C., New Mexico and Utah could decide for themselves and stricter measures for capturing runaway slaves were mandated.
- 1854, Congress passed Kansas-Nebraska act. People were to decide for themselves wether to permit slavery (Kansas was called Bleeding Kansas because of extreme violence, because of 2 governments exisited there. One pro-slavery, one anti-slavery).
- Slavery was helped by the Supreme Court in 1857, with the case of Dred Scott. Scott was a slave whose owner had taken him from MO (slave state) to IL (free state) to Minesota territory (free state), back to MO (slave state). Abolitionist said he was free becuase he lived in a free state & free territory. But Supreme Court said because he was not a US citizen and was ownded by a master, he had no rights. Abolitonists wee furious, but could not do anything about it. They could not get an ammendment in the constitution to prohibit slavery in the territories because there weren’t enough states that would support it. There wouldn’t be a 3/4 majority,
- 1858, Abraham Lincoln and Steven Douglas were running for senator against each other. Douglas (democrat) was favored to win. Lincoln (republican) believed slavery was wrong and should not be allowed in any territories. Douglas believed in popular sovereignty and got the Kansas-Nebraska act passed. Douglas won senate, but it cost him the nomination for president in 1860.
- 1859, abolitionist John Brown and others seized federal arsenal at Harpors Fairy in West Va. He planned to give the guns to slaves nearby, and lead a rebellion. but, he and his men were captured, and he was hanged. Northeners shocked, Southeners approved, and the division grew bigger.
- 1860, Lincoln became elected and because of his views on slavery, the southern states voted to secede from union.
What is sectionalism?
When US was divided into sections or regions
What were the 3 regions of US during 1800s?
Northern states, Southern states, Western territories
Who is Henry Clay?
Known as the Great Compromiser. Senator from KY. Lincoln admired him. Helped to create important compromises on slavery issues during the 1820’s,1830’s, 1840’s.
Who was John Calhoun?
Vice president of Andrew Jackson. from SC. Promoted interest of the South.
What was the “era of good feelings”?
after 1815 when western expansion was going on, industry & agriculture going on
