Competency 4 Flashcards
Until the early years of the 20th century Russia was rules by a succssion of _____?
Tsars
When were the 2 Russian Revolutions?
- 1905
- 1917
Russian society was feudalistic and had 3 levels. what were the 3 levels?
Tsar
Rich Nobles
Peasants and Serfs
What were the causes of the 1905 Russian Revolution?
- Discontent of the peasants with social structure, living conditions, and working conditions
- the Russo-Japanese war caused even more starvation and death to fighting peasants
What were the results of the 1905 Russian Revolution?
- Peasants had strikes against Tsar Nicholas II. He signed October Manifesto, which created a constitutional monarchy, but he went back to abusing his power, which resulted in 1917 revolution
What were the causes of the 1917 Russian Revolution?
- Violation of October Manifesto
- Defeats in World War I
- Tsar continued to not meet needs of people
- Tsar was influence by wife Alexandra and Rasputin (prime minister)
- World War I caused scarcity of food and extremely high prices
How did the Russian Revolution in 1917 begin?
Workers went on strike for food
Tsar ordered troops to suppress but troops joined the workers
Chaos resulted
Lenin, Stalin, Trotski won the support of the peasants (political leaders). Overthrew provisional government and Lenin became leader of new Communist state
How did the Russian Revolution of 1917 affect the rest of the world?
Communism spread and Russia took over large parts of the world causing a huge divide between countries who were Communist and countries who were Capitalist until 1980’s when many of these countries formed Democracy’s
What was heppening from 1830 to time of World War I 1914?
- Extradordinary grow of pride in nations
- Expasion in the United States as part of the Manifest Destiny
- US in war with Mexico and Spanish-American war and supported Latin American countries in their fight for independence from Spain
- Latin American colonies successful in getting their independence
- In Europe, Italy and Germany both became large countries because of uniting smaller states
- Revolutions in Austia and Hungry
- Africa was being divided up among the European countries because they were all being taken over
- European took over Asia except for China, Japan, and Tailand
- European Imperialism was necessary throughout the world to get the raw materials needed to feed the Industrial revolution
What were the causes of World War I 1914-1918?
- Increase of Nationalism
- Increase military strength
- Massive colonization for raw materials
- Secret Treaties different countries had with other countries
What happened in World War I?
- Arch Duke Ferdinand was assassinated by secret group in Serbia
- Austia-Hungry gave Serbia an ultimatum which was to discontinue their nationalism movement or Austia-Hunry would declare war on them
- Serbia got help from Russia
- Austia-Hngry got help from Germany
- France was bound by treaty to Russia, went to war against Germany
- Britain was allied to France and brought in its colonies including Austalia, India, Canada, etc.
- US president Wilson declared policy of absolute neutrality until Germany sunk Lucitania which threatened America’s shipping and safety
- Japan was allied with Britain, decalred war on Germany
- Italy eventually joined Allies (us!)
Who were the allies in WWI?
Russia, Japan, Britain, France, US, Italy
When did WWI end?
11/11/1918 at 11:00 with signing of Treaty of Versailles. Allies won! sets up WWII because Germany is a mess from WWI
What were the results of WWI?
Communists took over Russia
Nationalism increased
Wrold population decreased
millions of people lost homes
cities grew
less social distinction and classes
league of nations formed
What is another name for the Treaty of Versailles that ended WWI?
Treaty of Paris
What was created by the allies in WWI to ensure peace?
League of Nations
What caused WWII from 1939-1945?
- Economic problems of both winners and losers from first war were never resolved
- Great Depression of 1930’s
- Countries that were punished after WWI were built up resentment (revenge)
- Democratic governments were vulnerable to political movements of nationalism
- Nationalism grew even stronger in Germany (Hitler)
- Harsh dictatorships arose in several countries
- Germany, Japan, & Italy began to expand their borders
Italy- Musalinni
Germany- hitler
Japan- Emperor
How many countries were involved in WWII?
59
What were the results of WWII?
- war deaths and destruction more than any other war
- displaced millions of people (no homes)
- China became communist along with Eastern European nations
- Europe divided between East (communist) and West (Capitalist) Couldn’t get into each other’s countries
- USSR (Soviet Union) spread Communism
- The World entered nucelar age because of the two atomic bombs dropped in Japan
- Peace settlement established United Nations
Where is the United Nations located?
NYC
What was the Korean War about 1950-1953?
After WWII, Korea who was controlled by Japan was settled by the Soviet and US trroops. Soviet (North) US (South). North Korea became communist. South Korea became democratic. Both sides claim the entire country. Then the Communist invaded the South in 1950. US helped to battle north out of south. A truce was created but still not a treaty signed today.
What was the Vietnam War about?
1957-1973. US invovlement in the 60’s. Vietnam controlled by French uptil 1946. After WWII, French left and in 1954, country divided into Communist north and Democratic South. Cold war: spies, threats, nuclear war threats (Russia vs. US). America divided in public opions during Vietnam War. Returning vietnams came home to protests instead of cheering
What was the Cold War?
stuggle between Communist world (Soviet Union leadership) and non-communist world (Europe and US) without real battle fightiing.
Where was Communism in the Western Hemisphere?
Cuba
What is Apartheid?
Racial seggregation in South Africa
When was apartheid abolished?
early 1990’s due to Nelson Mandela’s leadership
What race were the US and USSR involved in?
race to moon
Progress in technology (communication & transporation) drew the world closer. What were some of the results?
- International space exploration
- Berlin Wall came down
- USSR disbanded
- Common welath of independent states were formed (CIS). Former countries in USSR
How did technology affect wars throughout history?
swords, spears,…. muskets/cannons….repeating riffles…automatic weapons…missles/rockets…bombs…atomic bombs
What had been the benefits of modern wars (1900 to current)?
plastic invented, electronic devices used in war, now used for medical purposes, radio used for communication, became entertainment for people not in war.
What is the saddest part of the Cold War and Arms Race (Fight for who has the most nuclear weapons)?
More time and money has been given to weapons that to helping improve conditions for humans
What was a social change after WWII?
people moved from farms to cities and from cities to suburbs. Migrated to where the jobs were.
What was the literature of modern history reflecting?
Literature reflects the identity crisis of people trying to find meaning in this new and changing world and the possibility of everyone enjoying basic human rights. In the US, this impacted social reform. (everything is about protection)
How has art changed in modern history?
cubism (art done in blocks) (things changing, but coming together) and surrealism (abstract art)
What was the changes of religion and philosophy in modern history?
religions became more conservative, however, people had more interest in learning about other’s religious beliefs
What were some major international conflicts and political revolutions during the 1900’s?
- Mexican Revolution
- Iranian Revolution
- Chinese Revolution
What was the Mexican Revolution about?
Mexico against Spanish control. Francisco Madero took over Mexico along with Viella and Zapata. There has been conflict since. Mexico independence from Spain.
What was the Iranian Revolution about?
- transformed a constitutional moarchy led by the Shah (King) and turned into an Islamic extreme fundamentalist rebpublic. Ayatollah (Pastor, Reverand) Khomeini and Islamics overthrew the monarchy (shah). The Shah was supported by US, so this became a conflict for US. It resulted in issolating Iran from the rest of world and reversing rights for women and became a religious repression.
What was the Chinese Revolution about?
response to the rule of Qing dynasty.
What is decolonization?
Independence by the colonies controlled by Europe
When did decoloinzation happen?
After WWII
What is self-determination?
The right for people to make their own government and their own destiny
Why did decolinization happen?
- Too expensive for these countries to keep the colonies when they were trying to rebuild after the war
- English and French recruited African solderis for WWII and soliders came home questioning why they were fighting for other countries freedoms instead of their own
- In Asia, (India) countries were demanding independence
- By 1966, all but 6 countries in Africa were independent
What was the Atlantic Charter?
Document wrttien by President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill of England about the hopes they had for the World after WWII and written in middle of WWII.
Benefits of technology in 20th century?
- greater control over nature, (detect when storms are coming, build buildings that will not be destoyed in these situations)
- lightened burden of labor (work easier)
- Extended human life span (medicine, treatments, x-rays)
What has it not done? prvent conflict, prejudice, war, violence
pros and cons because we have so much knowledge, but not the wisdom and ethics of how to use the knowledge we’ve gained
What were the science and tecnology changes in the 20th century?
- Medicine (decreased infant mortality, increased life exptectancy, antibiotics, new surgical techniques, innaculations wiped out diseases)
- Technology (computers, internet, outsourcing- telemarketing or call centers, cell phones)
What is Globalization?
changes in the globe socially, politically, technologically, and economically because of increasing interaction, communication, and interdependence of people’s all over the world
What is an example of positive change as a result of Gloablization in 21st century?
expanding trade results in better standard of living fior developing countries
What is a negative example of the result of globalization in the 21st century?
abusive treatment of developing countries due to economic imperialism
What are some effects of Globalization?
economics:
- broader and faster trade of money and goods
- increased outsourcing of labor
- development of global financial systems (Euro’s in all european countries except England)
- Creation of trade agreements
Socially:
- Greater exchange of cultures including ideas, food, clothing, fads, technology
Globalization is creating a new international society at a rapid pace. No longer are we individual countries, but we are part of a whole world.
What are the issues of society in the 21st century?
What is a human being?
What gives meaning to human existence?
How are human beings of different cultures and beliefs to live together in peace?
Essay Question: What challenges do the people of the 21st century have socially, politically, and economically?
today’s world is complex due to globalization.
What’s the definition of globalization?
positives and negatives of globalization?
Globalization is evolving at a rapid pace. Examples of that. Challenge is given the pace of exchange of ideas, beliefs, and cultures how we live together in peace
