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Reproductive > Common STI's > Flashcards

Common STI's Flashcards

1
Q

What is the causative organism for gonorrhoea?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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2
Q

What are the gonorrhoea symptoms seen in men?

A

10%- no symptoms
Thick profuse yellow discharge
Dysuria
rectal and pharyngeal infection

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3
Q

What gonorrhoea symptoms can be seen in women?

A

Vaginal discharge
Dysuria
Intermenstrual or post-coital bleeding

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4
Q

What is the epidemiology of gonorrhoea?

A

More common in men
Mostly MSM

incubation time 5-6 days
lasts 2 days-2 weeks if you get symptoms at all.

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5
Q

What are the possible complications of gonorrhoea in men?

A

Epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis)
Acute monarthritis - usually in elbow or shoulder
Gonococcal infection skin lesions, can be pustular (very rare)

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6
Q

What are the possible complications of gonorrhoea in women?

A

Pelvic inflammation
Bartholin’s abcess
Gonococcal opthalmia neonatorum (pass on gonorrhoea infection to baby during delivery-baby gets infection in eyes)
Acute monarthritis - usually in elbow or shoulder
Gonococcal infection skin lesions, can be pustular (very rare)

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7
Q

Which disease is diagnosed using a NAAT?

A

NAAT -nucleic acid ampilfication test, used to diagnose gonorrhoea, using urine sample or swab

grain stained smear from urethra, cervix or rectum in symptomatic patients
and
Culture
should also be done to confirm case and assess antibiotic sensitivity

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8
Q

Treatment of gonorrhoea?

A

1g ceftriaxone intramuscular injection
Can also treat according to antibiotic sensitivities.
Test of cure at 2 weeks
Test for reinfection at 3 months

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9
Q

Causative organism of chlamydia

A

Chlamydia tachomatis servors D-K

or Serovar L2b which is rare and gives severe proctitis

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10
Q

What symptoms do men infected with chlamydia get?

A

> 70% asymptomatic
Slight watery discharge
Dysuria
Conjunctivitis

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11
Q

What symptoms do women infected with chlamydia get?

A 
>80% asymptomatic
Vaginal discharge
Dysuria
Intermenstrual/post coital bleeding
Conjunctivitis- inflammation of transparent membrane that lines eyelid and covers eyeball
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12
Q

Complications of chlamydia in men

A

Epididymitis
reactive arthrits
Reiter’s syndrome- form of arthritis which commonly affects spine and sacroiliac joints +Urethritis/cervicitis + conjunctivits

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13
Q

Complications of chlamydia in women

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease (infection in upper genital tract of woman)
ectopic pregnancy
pelvic pain
infertility (~1%)
reactive arthrits
Reiter’s syndrome- form of arthritis which commonly affects spine and sacroiliac joints +Urethritis/cervicitis + conjunctivits

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14
Q

Epidemiology of chlamydia

A

most cases in <25 years

Especially sexually active teenage women.

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15
Q

How is chlamydia diagnosed?

A

First void sample in men
Self-taken or clinican-taken swab from cervix, urethra or rectum in women
Both are then tested using NAAT- nucleic acid amplification test

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16
Q

What is the treatment for chlamydia?

A

Doxycyline 100mg bd (twice a day)
or
Azithromycin 1g orally once if pregnant

Test for reinfection 3-12 months

An earlier test for cure not needed unless symptoms persist.

17
Q

What organisms can cause Herpes infection?

A

Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2

18
Q

What are the symptoms Herpes can present with?

A 
80% asymptomatic
The rest have recurrent:
burning/itching->blistering->ulceration
Tender inguinal lymphadenopathy
flu-like symptoms
Dysuria
Neuralgic pain (severe, sudden stabbing pain) in back, pelvis and legs
19
Q

What are the possible complications of Herpes?

A

Urinary retention due to autonomic neuropathy
Neonatal infection
Secondary infection

20
Q

Epidemiology of Herpes

A

Very common (~15-20% UK population)
Equally common to affect both sexes
Incubation ~5 days to months

21
Q

How is herpes diagnosed?

A

PCR swab from lesion

22
Q

What is a PCR test?

A

PCR means polymerase chain reaction. It’s a test to detect genetic material from a specific organism, such as a virus.

23
Q

How is herpes treated?

A

Primary outbreak- aciclovir (antiviral) can be 400mgs (three times daily) for 5 days, Lidocaine treatment

Infrequent recurrences: Lidocaine ointment

Frequent recurrences: Aciclovir 400 (twice daily-bd) long-term

24
Q

Uncommon generally but more common in middle aged women than other STI’s and the causative organism is trichomonas vaginalis.
What STI is this?

A

Trichomoniasis

25
Q

What are the symptoms and possible complications of Trichomoniasis?

A

10-30% asymptomatic
Profuse thin vaginal discharge-green, frothy and foul smelling
Vulvitis

Complications:
Miscarriage
Preterm labour

26
Q

How would you diagnose trichomoniasis?

A

Vaginal PCR swab

no test for men as no urine test avaliable yet

27
Q

Treatment for Trichomoniasis

A

Metronidazole 400mg orally twice/day for 5 days
or
2g single dose

28
Q

What STI does Human Papilloma virus types 6 and 11 cause?

A

Anogential warts

29
Q

What are the symptoms of anogential warts?

What are the complications?

A

Lumps with surface texture of cauliflower (bumpy)
Occasionally itchy or bleed

Complications: Neonatal laryngeal papillomatosis (rare)-this can cause breathing difficulties

30
Q

How are anogenital warts diagnosed?

A

Appearance and sometimes biospy

31
Q

Podophyllotoxin or imiquimod are used to treat what STI?

What are the brand names?

A

Treats: anogenital warts
Podophyllotoxin brands- warticon and condyline
Imiquimod brand- Aldara

Cryotherapy or diathermy can also be used as treatment

32
Q

What organism causes Syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

33
Q

Symptoms of syphilis

A

Asymptomatic
Mild symptoms that go unreported
or
Primary- local ulcer

Secondary- rash, mucosal ulceration, neuro symptoms (e.g. headache, stiff neck, nausea), patchy alopecia <2 years since caught (early latent)
Late latent> 2 years since caught but no symptoms

Tertiary- Neurological,cardiovascular or gummatous skin lesions (all very rare)

34
Q

What is gummatous syphilis?

A

Gumma, also known as gummy tumor, is more common in the late stages of syphilis and is highly destructive. In the early stage, it is a deep, subcutaneous nodule that gradually grows and adheres to the skin. The central site gradually softens, ulcerates, and releases viscous, gum-like pus

35
Q

What is the epidemiology and incubation of syphilis?

A

90% of cases in Scotland are MSM
Rare ~20 cases/yr in Grampian

9-90 days incubation

36
Q

What are the possible complications of syphilis?

A

Cranial nerve palsies
Cardiac or aortic involvement
Congenital syphilis

37
Q

How is syphilis diagnosed?

A

Serology looking for TP, IgGEIA, TPPA and RPR

PCR swab from ulcer

38
Q

How is syphilis treated?

A

Early <2 yrs and no neurological involvement- benzathine penicillin im injection once
or
Doxycyline 100mg twice/day orally for 2 weeks

Late >2 years and no neurological involvement
- Benzathine penicillin im injection weekly for 3 weeks
or
Doxycycline 100mg twice/day orally for 28 days

Reproductive (16 decks)

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