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community > Comm test 3: infectious disease > Flashcards

Comm test 3: infectious disease Flashcards

0
Q

breaking the chain of infection

A
  • controlling agent
  • eradication the non-human reservoir
  • controlling the human reservoir
  • controlling portals of exit and entry
  • improve host resistance and immunity
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1
Q
  1. Mode of transmission
  2. Portal of entry
  3. Susceptible host
  4. Infectious Agent
  5. Reservoir
  6. Portal of exit
A

Chain of Infection

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2
Q

: whatever is the cause - eliminate it or make it difficult to survive (medications)

A

Controlling agent

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3
Q

Improve host resistance and immunity:

A

healthy lifestyle

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4
Q

Eradicating the Non-Human Reservoir:

A

spray vegetation or treat water where bugs live

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5
Q

Controlling the Human Reservoir:

A

no co-morbidities

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6
Q

Controlling portals of exit and entry:

A

coughing, wounds………

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7
Q
  • person-to-person, by the host. Ex: std, aids
A

Direct transmission

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8
Q

-agents transferred by something other than host, contaminated objects Ex: Bed bugs =toys, bedding, or clothing / tb

A

Indirect transmission

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9
Q
  • passing of the infection from parent to offspring via: sperm, placenta, milk, or contact in the vaginal canal. Ex: transplacental transmission of HIV and syphilis
A

Vertical Transmission

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10
Q

– non human organism, by biting or depositing infective material near the host Ex: ticks, mosquitos, snails

A

Vector Transmission

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11
Q

-occurs when the host is resistant to the agent, species determined Ex: opossums rarely contract rabies

A

Natural

immunity

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12
Q

-the resistance in the host develops after being infected by natural exposure with agent Ex: measles won’t have it again

A

Acquired immunity

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13
Q

-immunizations with live or killed organisms of the agent, antibodies are produced by the host Ex: childhood vaccines
Days to weeks to dev

A

Active/Artificial immunity

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14
Q

-transfer of immunization from an immunized host to a non-immunized individual Ex: mother to infant
Immediate protection, short lived

A

Passive immunity

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15
Q

immunity of a group, resistance of a group of ppl to invasion and spread of an infectious agent, higher immunization coverage will lead to greater Ex: small pox

A

Herd immunity

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16
Q

-the potential of transmission of infection from host to other hosts Ex: individual with measles are very infectious= airborne droplets

A

Infectiousness immunity

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17
Q

– consistent, expected level of a disease/event in the population or geographic area
-usually have some cases of the disease regardless of anything else, baseline number. Ex: pertussis in US, foodborne botulism in Alaska

A

endemic

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18
Q
  • a higher level of an endemic event Ex: cholera incidence rate among Asians and Pacific islanders
A

hyperendemic

19
Q

– unexpected occurrence of an infectious disease in a limited geographic area during a limited period of time. Ex: yellow fever in Philadelphia 1793

A

outbreak

20
Q

– a clear, unexpected increase of an infectious disease in a geographic over a given period of time, excess of normal expectancy (Similar to outbreak. Use outbreak at beginning and then switch to epidemic when it goes on and on and grows.) Ex: polio just one case- is supposed to be eradicated

A

epidemic

21
Q

– steady occurrence of a disease that is spread through countries and/or worldwide Ex: aids/hiv, H1N1

A

pandemic

22
Q
  • a highly prevalent problem that is commonly acquired early in life and decreases as age increases. Ex: malaria in sub-Saharan Africa 75% of deaths were children, trachoma in villages of Saudi Arabia
A

holoendemic

23
Q
  • irregular pattern with occasional cases found at irregular intervals. Ex: Cerebro-spinal meningitis
A

sporadic

24
Q
  • a group affected by being exposed to the agent Ex: Something in the water that the affected drank
    All from the same place
A

common source outbreak

25
Q
  • all persons exposed become ill at the same time during one incubation period. Ex: chicken pox
A

Point source outbreak

26
Q
  • common source and secondary exposure related to person-person contact Ex: influenza
A

mixed outbreak

27
Q
  • exposed over a period of days/weeks. Ex: tainted green onions from Olive Garden - large area.
A

intermittent or continuous source

28
Q
  • no common source, spreads gradually from person to person over more than one incubation period. Ex: tb
A

propagated outbreak

29
Q
  • associated with the CDC, collects data from all 50 states, federal.
A

National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NNDSS)

30
Q
  • statewide system of monitoring infectious/communicable disease.
A

National Electronic Telecommunications System for Surveillance (NETSS

31
Q
  • part of the state system, reports of disease are sent to local health department - then state health department - then federal - then CDC - then WHO
A

Passive system

32
Q

nurse reports directly and gathers all information

A

Active system-

33
Q
  • monitors trends of a disease or key health indicators
A

Sentinel system

34
Q
  • special system to gather specific type of information. Ex; Persons with H1N1 flu who think Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone.
A

Syndromic surveillance system

35
Q

public health control of disease

A

control
elimination
eradication

36
Q

= reduction of incidence or prevalence of a disease to an acceptable level as a result of health care intervention.

A

control

37
Q

= control of an infectious disease within a specified geographic area (country or region) and incidence is reduced to near zero due to deliberate effort. Ex: after vaccination – little or no incidence of the disease is seen in the following year.

A

elimination

38
Q

= reducing the worldwide incidence of a disease to zero, irreversible termination of all transmission of infection by extermination of infectious agent worldwide ex: small pox

A

eradication

39
Q

-prevention programs and control measures to reduce the prevalence of disease.
Example-Immunizations have dramatically decreased mumps, measles, pertussis, polio, and rubella.

A

Infection Control

Goal

40
Q

Vaccine preventable infections

A

Vaccine Preventable Diseases ( Identify a selection) Anthrax, Cervical cancer, HPV, Haemophilus influenza, Hepatitis A and B, Measles, Meningococcus, Mumps, Pertussus, Pneumococcus, Poliomyelitis, Rabies, Rotavirus, Rubella, Shingles, Smallpox, Tetanus, TB, Varicella

41
Q

-Pursuing a Global Commitment to Develop 10 New Antibacterial Drugs by 2020
-Newest initiative of IDSA
-Development of drug resistant microorganisms
-antibiotics as miracle drugs
Don’t misuse antibiotics= importance of pt edu
- group of infections that cause most US hospital infections (2/3 of all healthcare associated infections) and escape antibacterial drugs

A

10X2020

Eskape

42
Q

A. : Immunizations, Sanitization in community, Employment regulations, Programs and services

A

Primary Prevention eskape

43
Q

B. Early detection of disease, screenings, Legal enforcement through regulation, Comfort measures, Exclusion from school

A

Secondary Prevention: eskape

44
Q

C. Rehabilitation of lingering dysfunction from the disease process

A

Tertiary Prevention: Eskape

45
Q

10/2020 eskap drug

A

Ex: 6 bacteria: E faecium, S. Aureas, K. pneumonia, A. Baumalloi, pseudomonas aerginosa, enterobacter species

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