comm Test 1: community assessment Flashcards
-Perception of the community (groups) through wellness not disease
What is a community?
persons in a community with at least one commonality
Aggregates-
- larger in number these groups share more than one commonality
Population
-socioeconomic, diff interests, diff levels of social groups EX: one does it once, does it often, does it all the time
Status
neighborhood, city
-can be more than one Ex: live in Carmel and apart of social elite
Place-
older adult population Ex: older/ status=Active, maintain health, ill
Person-
- another way to define a community, can be a function Ex: ppl across the campus want to change the parking situation /once it is fixed they disperse
Process
- vested in that community, concerned not about self but what it looks like Ex: they care what the neighborhood looks like / pink house people upset/neighboorhood association=want input to make changes
Sense of ownership
- environmental issues Ex: in fountain square they have the highest rate of resp disease because of the coke plant=can’t have the school here, gave the city land free on the stipulation can’t be sued for sickness, moved further away
*Concern for the future
-chain of command, policy procedure
Mechanism for disputes in place
-Ex: pta meeting student voice opinion then the parents and committees hear what is said /switched to school uniform
Communication recognized at all levels
- are the members of the community able to discuss things calmly, maturely, and not just a free for all / able to voice concerns analyze to get a solution (BEHAVIOR OF THE COMMUNITY)
Ability to identify, analyze, and organize
-block party do people show up
participation in community events
thinking about resource centers, Ex: do people use fittness center, interested in being healthy, health fair do they come
High level of wellness-
do people want to be incharge Ex: Are they interested enough to run for school board, do people vote
Decision-making involvement-
does it have a plan in case of emergency Ex: uindy made a plan for shooting event, working tornado siren
*Emergency preparedness-
ACCESS, WIC, social security office, community center
Resources available to all-
-certain boundaries
Territorial, neighborhood, geographic
-defined by political views has a certain area
Geopolitical
- church, breast cancer survivors
Special interest/feeling
doesn’t have to be geographic, when something very unusual happens and brings people together Ex: 9-11 George bush and Clinton came together for commercial
Phenomenological-
- people who have the knowledge to fix something, can’t physically fix but know how
Solution
-water pollution =fish dieing bc waste/ anyone affected by problem Ex: white river=everywhere it hits
Problem ecology
- they can fix the problem physically Ex: maintenance
Action capability
- do you have the supplies, people, what it takes Ex: Can be humans, time, supplies, money
Resource
can be ongoing or temporary Ex: big convention is temporary, parking is long term problem
Need-
can come from anywhere or anybody Ex: all the ppl concerned about the closing of Hannah avenue
Concern-
- 1st thing you have to do
- Takes time, effort, and presence
- “with” them not “to” them –want to empower
- Communication is the key!!!!!!!
- Build a relationship-reliable, do what you say you’re going to do in amount of time, be present
- Empowerment
- Ask for input.
- Verify information with a community leader! Who are the leaders and who are the followers
Community Partnerships
• Economics- businesses
• Recreation- a park in the area
• Physical environment-clean
• Education- schools close
• Health services- hospitals close
• Communication
• Politics and gov -everywhere, power issue
• Safety and transportation -fire, police, well lit, people have access
• Faith- churches
-Is the community going to progress or digress
Assessment Phase
Windshield Survey- form of data collection, what you see, hear, and smell
Methods
Timing- different on the weekends, working not a lot of people around
Multiple sets of eyes
- Data Collection
Assess everything you see, hear, smell from the vehicle.
One or more people take notes.
One or more people take pictures, video, etc………….
One person drives, and only drives!
-Live in poverty, pollution, lots of open areas, no windows, warm, higher socioeconomic status further back, cloths were donated, fresh water 1 mile away
Windshield Survey-
- Common characteristics of people on the street or frequenting businesses/ watch people
- Neighborhood gathering places
- Rhythm of community life
- Housing quality and location
- Geographic boundaries
General windshield survey
-Roads (signs, condition), Sidewalks, Demographics (somewhat), Business, Police, fire department, other public services, Health care institutions, Appearance of area, Media, Faith-based facilities, Parks (open space and green space), People, Cars, Condition of homes, Transportation, Politics, Ethnicity, Education
. Specific windshield survey
-walking in the community
Community Reconnaissance
- have with a community leader/ unbiased overview, get a lot of very accurate in-depth information/ takes a while to write up and summarize
In-depth interview
- they way they are dressed, asking people in the community
Informal conversation
- windshield survey/ verify findings with community leader, eliminate bias Ex: browse stores and expiration dates, may see what they want to see
Observation
- open meetings, u need a moderator(coordinator), time for all to speak , a lot of info on diff issues
Town hall meeting
- similar to town hall meeting, must have a moderator, moderator sets tone and focus, disadvantage= get community bias
. Focus group
have community tell you the needs, may get low return rate, reading level must know possible level 8th grade
Surveys/questionnaires-
- Community leaders
- Community members-only unbiased, no agenda
- Vital statistics (morbidity/mortality)
- Historical research
- Any other reliable source (website)- .org, .gov, and .edu not Wikipedia
Sources of Data
a. Task Force on Community Preventative Services- certain screenings , info pamphlet
b. 5-A-Day for Better Health- fruit and vege initiative
c. ACEs (Active Community Environment)- find diff programs
d. National Bone Health Campaign
e. WISEWOMAN
f. Kids Walk-to-School
- Assessment Resources
Community-Focused Nursing Diagnosis
- Maintain or improve a strength- focus is on prevention from getting ill
- Risk factors- be proactive
- Community request
- Community needs
. Diagnosis Phase
Community-Focused Nursing Diagnosis=1. Identify several concerns/problems
- Select the concern of greatest priority
- Should be related to Healthy People 2020= goals for the nation
- Leading Health Indicators=barometer on how we are doing
Differences between community diagnosis and acute care diagnosis.
encourages the community to be involved(participation). Health promotion allows the community to have more input and knowledge. Knowledge will help the community participate
PATCH – Planning Approach to Community Health:
voluntary process for planning, community self assessment, devlopment, improvements, planning and evaluation
APEXPH - Assessment Protocol for Excellence in Public Health:
long term planning, min of 5 years
MAPP – Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnership:
- Based on assessment data
- Should relate to Healthy People 2020
- Leading Health Indicators-continually update information, can take 3-4 years
- Objects where we would like to be at this time Ex: decrease in smoking by 5% , vaccination in children 80%
- Barometers tells us how we are doing
Planning
Increase quality and years of healthy life
Eliminate health disparities Ex: underserved population
Goals: healthy people 2020
more than goal
Numerous objectives.
More specific than goals.
Objectives:
Measurable, but not as precise as acute care objectives. (percents)
- Realistic, must be attainable.
- May use approximate measures.
- Connected to HP 2020 and LHIs.
- Goal is broad, objective is specific
healthy people 2020
- Serves to keep group activities on track- make sure you are going to do what you said you were going to do
- Planned at the beginning of group work in the community.
- Deadlines, individual work responsibilities, map of practicum for the semester.
1. Identify specific program activities.
2. Identify resources for these activities.
3. Determine sequence of activities (timeline).
PERT*Program Evaluation & Review Technique
- open communication
- thorough assessment
- community input
- adequate resources
- strong leadership
- validation of leaders
- well-coordinated plan
assets
- inaccurate assessment
- lack of leadership
- failure to validate data
- no community input
- poor communication
- insufficient resources
- lack of planning
Pitfalls
A. Health education-intervene before they get sick
B. Screenings & referrals
C. Program development
D. Site improvement
E. Policy development
F. Emergency preparedness
Enhance an on-going health promotion event
Implementation Activities
l (pre and post test)- education, good indicator of what they learned at that time, doesn’t show lasting impact or retained long term
Quasi-experimenta
describes the meaning of the experience, how you interpret, doesn’t give any statistics or data, qualitative data
Interpretive evaluation
write about in long narrative from beginning to end, doesn’t show strong of sense of nursing interventions were the reason for the outcome, no link
Case description-
