Comm Test 2: domestic violence Flashcards
- between persons with a relationship with trust
Domestic Violence
factors affecting abuse
work education organized religion population resources media
- negative: work place violence trust with coworkers and boss, lose job causes financial stress, at risk for violence (go back and shoot), lose lifestyle, lose friends
- Positive: support from coworkers
. Work
factors affecting abuse
- positive: resources and hotlines, support groups, counseling centers, need advocate
- negative: lack of edu for wat is considered abuse, no access don’t know where to go , feel like they have nothing
education
factors affecting abuse
- positive: community resources for help, food pantries and emergency supplies
- Negative: some are demining to woman, or don’t like other faiths ,media issue hear about allegations of child or sexual abuse
Organized religion (faith) factors affecting abuse
- negative: blended families have issues, very young and very old are prime targets, vulnerable get hit harder with poverty= working class poor builds stress bc can’t meet needs of family
Population
factor affecting abuse
-counseling centers, support groups
Resources factors affecting abuse
- Negative: video games promotes violence, publicize beheading- want crime to be known 15 min of fame
- positive raise awareness, public service announcements
Media
factors affecting abuse
- has a previous, unrelated conviction under this section or any other section with substantially similar elements (dui counts) OR
- committed the offense in the physical presence of a child less than 16-years-old, knowing that the child was present and might be able to see or hear the offense.
Indiana Law – Domestic Battery
Class D Felony if the person who committed the offense:
– a deliberate act that causes injury. Includes failure to protect
physical abuse
use, persuasion, or coercion to engage in sexual conduct/ adult fondling a child or minor
sexual abuse
– a deliberate act that damages self-esteem and personal worth/ start picking someone else’s esteem
emotional abuse
– failing to care for one for whom you are responsible to and for.
neglect abuse
- draw to express feelings, black fists and mom crying , frowning, no hands means helplessness
Child’s View of Partner Abuse
- Child be able to say don’t touch me
- Express rights of child to speak up
- Will not tolerate sexual abuse
It takes a community to protect a child
: Holistic harming of a human being by one who is acquainted with, trusts, has an on-going relationship with, lives with, married to, or has any other meaningful connection to the victim
. Domestic Violence
- Younger parents- edu on controlling anger, resources, not alone call on services, control impulse
- Socially isolated
- Lower SES
- Less formal education- learning what is abuse
- Inadequate support systems
- Poor parenting skills
- Victim of child abuse-siblical
- Single parent family(unrelated partner=resentment toward child)- you are the only outlet talk to someone about issues , don’t snap
Characteristics of a Child Abuser/Victims
A. Abuser:
- vulnerable
1. Birth to 3 years old- very vulnerable
2. Disability- drain and stress, need more resources
3. Chronic high stress environment
4. Crowded living conditions
5. Lower SES
6. Premies- bring home, a lot of extra needs, especially if first child
7. Unrelated caregivers- nursing home=tired of working
B. Victim
char of a child abuser/ victum
: Known by the victim
- 80% are adults
- Work with children: risky job, priest and pastors
- Long-term abuse
- Controlling behaviors: huge issue
- Need power: in control, want to leave lose control
Characteristics of Sexual Abuser/ Victim
A. Abuser
- 10% of men are
- 20% of women are
- Reluctant to report: deeply personal crime
- Males less likely to report
- Males most likely to be abused by another male
- 9-years-old is the mean age for abuse =parent who is overly concerned about the child, don’t want you in there
B. Victim
char of sexual
- edu to prevent snapping, belittle child in front of friend=makes uncomfortable victim takes it
various stages of healing=episodes of abuse
Note- signs of fresh wounds or bruises and old scars might be an indication that the child has suffered from more than one occasion
Physical Abuse
beating, biting, burning, hair pulling, hitting, punching, kicking, scalding, shaking, shoving, slapping, throwing, tying up, torturing
forms of physical abuse
minor bruising, scratches, gazes, cuts, eye injuries, fractures, injuries to brain, damage to internal organs
Range of severity:
physical abuse
- story match the injury= red flag, can be afraid of what will happen to family
- fractures
- bruises, contusions, etc…
- oral and dental injuries
- burns – thermal, scalding, other means.
- Head trauma – abusive head trauma FKA Shaken Baby Syndrome.
- Sexual injuries
- Pinching- marks left and bruise
- Any other injury deliberately performed against a human being.
Physical Injuries
- forehead, nose, head injuries involve parietal bone, occiput, or forehead, chin, palm of hand, elbows, knees, shins
Accidental Injuries places
- involve bony prominences
- match the history
- are in keeping with the development of the child
Accidental injuries typically:
-Abusers are smart= cloths cover, prime areas
A. Triangle of safety
- black eyes= bilateral seledum, soft tissue of cheeks, intra cranial injuries, mouth- bite marks on tongue= can be accidental if fall, inner aspect of arms= not radially visible , back and side of tongue
-pinch marks, chest and abd= usually, can be trauma from car accident, forearms when raised to protecting self, any groin or genital injury= sexual abuse, inner aspects of tights, soles of feet
- spiral fractures
Intentional Injuries
Ears, side of face, neck, and top of shoulders= very unusual
triangle of safety intentional injuries
-injuries to both sides of the body, injuries to soft tissue, injuries with particular patterns, any injury that doesn’t fit the explanation, delay inpresentation, untreated injuries
Remember concerns raised by
Nature of injury, past and present
Repeat MD or ER visits
Blames another party
Inconsistent Hx
Story d/n match history
Present with complaint about anything except the abusive injury
Disproportionate response of alleged abuser- clingy (red flag)
Refuse tests and treatment- lose nerve
Delay in seeking treatment- hoping will heal on own
Absence of parents- caregiver take to be seen like babysitter
Inappropriate response of the alleged victim- too much or too little
Warning Signs of Abuse
- surface, rigged outline, bc move around a little bit before get away, drag mark trying to get away, irregular
Accidental Cigarette Burns
circular, deeper wounds, where they are located, more uniform
. Intentional Cigarette Burns:
irregular with variable severity in appearance (some areas with blistering some without)
- typically no recognizable patterns and burs are not circumferential
- unprotected areas
- general location is flexor and anterior surfaces
- severity varies, predominance of superficial, first degree burns
- few in number, all of same apparent age and stage of healing
- edges are indistinct and irregular
- splash marks are present
Characteristics of Burns Accidental:
regular and more uniform appearance
- recognizable pattern with symmetry and regularity, circumferential = minimal splash marks: common for immersion burns
- areas that are relatively protected ( butt, genitals, thighs)
- general location is extensor and posterior surfaces
- severity is relatively uniform with predominance of deeper second and third degree
- multiple wound in various stages of healing
- edges are clear and sharply demarcated
- no splash marks
Characteristics of Burns non-accidental:
- pattern of what was used
- definitive on purpose=grid
- hotplate, light bulb, curling iron, cigarette lighter, immersion- line of demarcation, forks, knife, steam iron , belt buckle, sticks, knuckles
Pattern of Burn Marks
- no exact line
Immersion Injuries
1. Accidental
- specific demarcation
. Intentional immersion injuries
- hot drinks 44%, cooking liquids and hot food 22%, boiled water 20%, hot tap water 14%
Causes of Scald Injuries
- Twisting injury, Rotational pattern
Rare in children – unless abused
Accidental injury may come from sports- skiing snowboarding, roller skating
Spiral Fracture
- ankles, hands, throat
* big red flag, only happen if tied up unwillingly
Ligature Marks
- 30% die or have lifelong complications
- Head larger than body proportions
- Weak neck muscles
- Large amount of water
- Results in tearing of vessels and neurons
- don’t know till proven in court, can have finger marks on back and front because holding really tight
- neck muscles are pretty flexible in an infant
- babies are especially susceptible to injury when they are shaken bc their connecting tissues and bone structure have not sufficiently developed to offer any protection
Abusive Head Trauma (AKA = Shaken Baby Syndrome)
- brain bangs against the skull
- small blood vessels between the brain and the skull are tearing causing bleeding
- large blood clots can form pressing against the brain and causing massive swelling
- blood vessels in retina are red and big because detached
- blood between two hemispheres, vertebrae can crush spinal cord bc weak neck muscle
- injuries can result in brain damage, retardation, paralysis, blindness, deafness, and death
abusive head trauma
Subdural and subarachnoid hemorrhages Retinal hemorrhages Fractured ribs (possibly flail chest) 45% have prior injuries- most cases can be 1st Most have no signs of external injuries
Co-Morbidities of AHT