Comm Final: Day Two presentations Flashcards
- An intentional act to harm or to kill any individual or animal, or the intentional destruction of the environment
- Toxins that can be passed through contaminated food, become airborne, or pass through water
Bioterrorism
- most harmful type, Can be passed from creature to creature and have extremely high death rates
Category A
bioterrorism
- can be spread a little easier but doesn’t cause as much illness and death as a Category A
Category B
bioterrorism
- can be spread easily in addition to being easily produced, can cause high death rates
Category C
bioterrorism
- An infection that is spread by bacteria
- A human being can only get it from direct contact with the source or infected animal
- Some terrorists have used it to infect a handful of people in public places because it is hard to detect where it has originated from
Anthrax
bioterrorism
- An infection that is -spread by bacteria
- Can cause a person to become paralyzed and cause serious illness by a couple of different ways
- A person can contract the bacteria by eating or ingesting it
- Another way to contract it is an infection where bacteria grow inside an open wound
- This type of spore is found inside the soil and is hard to regulate
Botulism
- Concerned that it may be used as a way to wipe out mass amounts of people in a short amount of time
- There is an increase of fear in the workplace and throughout the world that the evolution of it may create health emergencies that are extremely difficult to detect and even more difficult to contain
problem bioterrorism
- Prepare for a future possible attack
- After an attack happens
- Rehabilitation of survivors from the attack
Levels of prevention Primary secondary tertiary bioterrorism
• Most common sites for an acts to happen
Larger tower building, government buildings, or sporting event
• Create a plan in case of an attack and make sure the plan is ready to implement
• Biosafety, Safety gear located in case of an emergency
• Know the chain of command and duties during an attack
• Protocols in place for infection control and containment
• Address the communities fears and concerns about an attack
Primary intervention stage
bioterrorism
- Early recognition of an attack
- Identify the agent that was released during the attack
- Identify people who are at risk for being exposed to the agent
- Response plan put in place before the attack will be set in motion
- Control any infections and contain it so it does not spread
- Assist in assessing the population to look for exposure
- If exposed would administer vaccinations if possible, administering any medication
- Educate the population about sign and symptoms of the agent
- Monitoring morbidity and mortality rate
Secondary intervention stage
bioterrorism
- Assist the population with medication treatments and referrals
- Evaluate the effectiveness of the plan that was put in place
- Help people deal with the effects of the attack and assisting victims move on
Tertiary intervention stage
bioterrorism
- Fear in the community and widespread panic
- Heightened the level of fear and anxiety
- Uncertainty of an attack
- How large the attack and if they were affected or not affected
Impact on the community
bioterrorism
-Community comes together and helps other in this time of need
Stress Reactions that affect a Community
1. First Stage: The Heroic Stage
-Healthy individuals come together with survivors and reminisce, Helps to heal and express feelings
Stress Reactions that affect a Community
Second Stage: The Honeymoon stage
-Resources become inadequate and the population is at a standstill until more resources come
Stress Reactions that affect a Community
Third Stage: Disillusionment Phase
-Return the community to a state of normalcy
Stress Reactions that affect a Community
Fourth Stage: Reconstruction Phase
- Analyze the information distributed to the community
- Determine if the information was given promptly and at what value was placed on the importance of cooperating
- Accuracy of the information given
- Emergency plan to see how well it was executed and what requires some improvements
- Look at the health community and nursing staff to see how well they provided care and if they carried out their designated roles
Evaluation of primary interventions
bioterrorism
- Trace back through the charting and see how quickly the disease was noted and when it was contained
- Quality of nurse educated with the staff members, family, and anyone else in contact with that individual
- unable to contain, then the community will have to find a way to prevent the spread of the illness
- How well the community is able to recognize the attack and what the possible agent was
Evaluation of the secondary interventions:
bioterrorism
- Focuses on how well treatment is working
- Helping people cope with the catastrophic event
- Determine how well the community decreased the crisis and the availability of healthcare professionals.
- How many people were affected by the act
- How far the disease spread
- How many people died from the event
- What type of treatment worked for the illness and what did not
Evaluating tertiary interventions:
bioterrorism
- Study conducted evaluating the primary, secondary and tertiary interventions
- Assessing the interventions that were implemented and how these helped to control and prevent attacks can give feedback for future ways to prepare and handle attacks
- Administering more knowledge to the public
- Teaching the public how they can prepare
- Informing the public on the procedures in place
- Offering classes to better prepare for a attack
Policy Procedure
bioterrorism
- Enterobacter virus- D68: resp illness affecting a lot of children claiming lives, looked like common cold
- Influenza- flu shots to prevent, kills around 3,000-49,000 annually
- Whooping Cough- kids affected and killed many
- Ebola Virus
Trending Disease
Common Trending Diseases
- Epidemic on the rise to pandemic
- High mortality rates 48-50%
- Lack of education/ Africa has a lack of education on how the disease is transmitted, and they do not have the proper care and treatment available.
- Lack of proper care and treatment
Problem Explanation Ebola
trending disease
There is a lack of information of how There are many theories on transmission and multiple strains of the virus.
spread of ebola
- Transmission with these listed with broken skin or mucous membranes
Blood - include urine, saliva, sweat, feces, vomit, breast milk, and semen.
- syringes or needles contaminated with the virus or surfaces or materials (bedding, clothing) soiled with contaminated fluids.
- fruit bats, primates, and antelopes. If proper precautions are not taken, is easily spread.
Ebola spread trending disease
- Direct contact with:
- Bodily fluids
- Contaminated objects
- Animals that are infected:
- Fatigue, headache, fever, & chills
- High fever, vomiting blood, rash, & passive behavior
- Bleeding from nose, mouth, eyes, & anus
- Seizures, internal bleeding, loss of consciousness, & death
- Everyone should be aware of these signs and symptoms to protect themselves. Extra caution should be taken while traveling, especially to and from Africa. Can transmit once symptoms begin. Healthcare workers should also be aware and cautious of patients experiencing such symptoms.
ebola trending disease Symptoms and Protecting Yourself Day 5-9: Day 10: Day 11: Day 12
Prevention is key!
Proper attire should be worn
ebola trending disease
The Public Health Nurse’s Role
Educate community members on transmission
-education and awareness, avoiding areas in Africa, animals that may carry the disease, and people who may have had exposure, no vaccine at this time (2 potential vaccines)
primary prevention
ebola
trending disease
Prevent disease from spreading
-screening systems in hospitals, quarantine, PPE, universal precautions, disinfection of surfaces, notify those who may have had contact with Ebola patients
Secondary prevention
ebola
trending disease
Reduce complications through treatment
- no treatment available, key is supportive care and a working immune system
Ensure safety of the community
Talk about education as a preventive measure (quarantine, proper attire, etc.)
Contacting proper authorities-If in hospital setting, know the protocol and who to contact first with suspected case (chain of command)
tertiary prevention
ebola trending disease
