Col Regs Flashcards

1
Q

The Colregs are found in what legal documents?

A

MSN 1781 - Merchant Shipping Notice = The Law

&

NP100 - The Mariners Handbook

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2
Q

Colregs - What is Rule 5?

A

Rule 5 - Look Out
Every vessel shall at all times maintain a properly lookout by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and condition. So as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision.

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3
Q

Colregs - What is Rule 6?

VD MAKES LITTLE WILLIES DRIP
CHARLY CAR EATS PIES NO MORE

A

Rule 6
Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can
take proper and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a distance appriopriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions.

In determining a safe speed the following factors shall be among those taken into account:

a) By all vessels:

1) The state of visibility;
2) Traffic density, including concentrations of fishing vessels or any other vessels;
3) Manoeuvrability of the vessel, with special reference to stopping distance and turning ability in the prevailing conditions;
4) At night, the presence of background light such as from shore lights or from back scatter of her own lights;
5) The state of wind, sea and current and the proximity of navigational hazards;
6) The draught in relation to the available depth of water;

b) Additionally by vessels with operational radar

1) The characteristics, efficiency and limitations of radar equipment in use
2) Any constraints imposed by the radar range scale in use;
3) The effect on radar detectrion of the sea state, weather and other sources of interference;
4) The possibility of small vessels, ice and other floating objects, may not be detected by radar at an adequate range;
5) The number location and movement of vessels detected by radar;
6) The more exact assement of the visibility that may be possible when radar is used to determine the range of vessels or other objects in the vicinity.

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4
Q

Colregs - What is Rule 7?

A

Rule 7

Risk of collision

(a) Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions to determine if risk of collision exists. If there is any doubt such risk shall be deemed to exist.

(b) Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and operational, including long-range scanning to obtain early warning of risk of collision and radar plotting or equivalent systematic observation of detected objects.

(c) Assumptions shall not be made on the basis of scanty information, especially scanty radar information.

(d) In determining if risk of collision exists the following considerations shall be among those taken into account:

(i) such risk shall be deemed to exist if the compass bearing of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change;

(ii) such risk may sometimes exist even when an appreciable bearing change is evident, particularly when approaching a very large vessel or a tow or when approaching a vessel at close range.

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5
Q

Colregs - What is Rule 8?

A

Rule 8 - Action to avoid collision

(a) ANY - Any action taken to avoid collision shall be taken in accordance with the Rules of this Part and shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be positive, made in ample time and with due regard to the observance of good seamanship.
(b) ASS - Any alteration of course and/or speed to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be large enough to be readily apparent to another vessel observing visually or by radar; a succession of small alterations of course and/or speed should be avoided.
(c) CAN - If there is sufficient sea-room, alteration of course alone may be the most effective action to avoid a close-quarters situation provided that it is made in good time, is substantial and does not result in another close-quarters situation.
(d) EAT - Action taken to avoid collision with another vessel shall be such as to result in passing at a safe distance. The effectiveness of the action shall be carefully checked until the other vessel is finally past and clear.
(e) SHIT - If necessary to avoid collision or allow more time to assess the situation, a vessel shall slacken her speed or take all way off by stopping or reversing her means of propulsion.
(f) (i) A vessel which, by any of these Rules, is required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel shall, when required by the circumstances of the case, take early action to allow sufficient sea-room for the safe passage of the other vessel.
(ii) A vessel required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel is not relieved of this obligation if approaching the other vessel so as to involve risk of collision and shall, when taking action, have full regard to the action which may be required by the Rules of this Part.
(iii) A vessel the passage of which is not to be impeded remains fully obliged to comply with the Rules of this Part when the two vessels are approaching one another so as to involve risk of collision.

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6
Q

Colregs - What is Rule 9 ?

A

Rule 9 - Narrow Channels

(a) A vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel or fairway shall keep as near to the outer limit of the channel or fairway which lies on her starboard side as is safe and practicable.
(b) A vessel of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within a narrow channel or fairway.
(c) A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any other vessel navigating within a narrow channel or fairway.
(d) A vessel shall not cross a narrow channel or fairway if such crossing impedes the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within such channel or fairway. The latter vessel may use the sound signal prescribed in Rule 34(d) if in doubt as to the intention of the crossing vessel.
(e) (i) In a narrow channel or fairway when overtaking can take place only if the vessel to be overtaken has to take action to permit safe passing, the vessel intending to overtake shall indicate her intention by sounding the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(c)(i). The vessel to be overtaken shall, if in agreement, sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(c)(ii) and take steps to permit safe passing. If in doubt she may sound the signals prescribed in Rule 34(d).
(ii) This Rule does not relieve the overtaking vessel of her obligation under Rule 13.
(f) A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a narrow channel or fairway where other vessels may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall navigate with particular alertness and caution and shall sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(e).
(g) Any vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid anchoring in a narrow channel.

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7
Q

Colregs - What is Rule 10 ?
MGN364

A

Rule 10 - Traffic Separation Schemes

(a) This Rule applies to traffic separation schemes adopted by the Organization and does not relieve any vessel of her obligation under any other Rule.
(b) A vessel using a traffic separation scheme shall:
(i) proceed in the appropriate traffic lane in the general direction of traffic flow for that lane;
(ii) so far as practicable keep clear of a traffic separation line or separation zone;
(iii) normally join or leave a traffic lane at the termination of the lane, but when joining or leaving from either side shall do so at as small an angle to the general direction of traffic flow as practicable.
(c) A vessel shall, so far as practicable, avoid crossing traffic lanes but if obliged to do so shall cross on a heading as nearly as practicable at right angles to the general direction of traffic flow.
(d) (i)

A vessel shall not use an inshore traffic zone when she can safely use the appropriate traffic lane within the adjacent traffic separation scheme. However, vessels of less than 20 metres in length, sailing vessels and vessels engaged in fishing may use the inshore traffic zone.

(ii) Notwithstanding sub-paragraph (d) (i), a vessel may use an inshore traffic zone when en route to or from a port, offshore installation or structure, pilot station or any other place situated within the inshore traffic zone, or to avoid immediate danger.
(e) A vessel other than a crossing vessel or a vessel joining or leaving a lane shall not normally enter a separation zone or cross a separation line except:
(i) in cases of emergency to avoid immediate danger;
(ii) to engage in fishing within a separation zone.
(f) A vessel navigating in areas near the terminations of traffic separation schemes shall do so with particular caution.
(g) A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid anchoring in a traffic separation scheme or in areas near its terminations.
(h) A vessel not using a traffic separation scheme shall avoid it by as wide a margin as is practicable.
(i) A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any vessel following a traffic lane.
(j) A vessel of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the safe passage of a power-driven vessel following a traffic lane.
(k) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an operation for the maintenance of safety of navigation in a traffic separation scheme is exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent necessary to carry out the operation.
(l) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an operation for the laying, servicing or picking up of a submarine cable, within a traffic separation scheme, is exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent necessary to carry out the operation.

How would you know if a TSS was adopted by the IMO?
Check the Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners

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8
Q

What is Rule 12?

A
  • *Sailing Vessels:**
    a) When two sailing vessels are approaching one another, so as to involve risk of collision, one of them shall keep out of the way of the other as follows:

i) When each has the wind on a different side, the vessel which has the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other;
ii) When both have the wind on the same side, the vessel which is to windward shall keep out of the way of the vessel which is to leeward;
iii) If a vessel with the wind on the port side sees a vessel to windward and cannot determine with certainty whether the other vessel has the wind on the port or on the startboard side, she shall keep out of the way of the other.
b) For the purposes of the Rule the windward side shall be deemed to be the side opposite to that on which the mainsail is carried or, in the case of a square-rigged vessel, the side opposite to that on which the largest fore-and-aft sail is carried.

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9
Q

Colregs - What is Rule 14 ?

A

Rule 14 - Head-on Situation

(a) When two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision each shall alter her course to starboard so that each shall pass on the port side of the other.
(b) Such a situation shall be deemed to exist when a vessel sees the other ahead or nearly ahead and by night she would see the mast head lights of the other in a line or nearly in a line and or both sidelights and by day she observes the corresponding aspect of the other vessel.
(c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether such a situation exists she shall assume that it does exist and act accordingly.

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10
Q

Colregs - What is Rule 13 ?

A

Rule 13 - Overtaking

(a) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Rules of Part B, Sections I and II, any vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken.

(b) A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam, that is, in such a position with reference to the vessel she is overtaking, that at night she would be able to see only the stern light of that vessel but neither of her sidelights.

(c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether she is overtaking another, she shall assume that this is the case and act accordingly.
(d) Any subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two vessels shall not make the overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the meaning of these Rules or relieve her of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vessel until she is finally past and clear.

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11
Q

Colregs - What is Rule 15 ?

A

Rule 15 - Crossing Situations:

When two power-driven vessels are crossing so as to involve risk of collision, the vessel which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way and shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel.

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12
Q

Colregs - What is Rule 16 ?

A

Rule 16 - Action by give-way vessel

Every vessel which is directed to keep out of the way of another vessel shall, so far as possible, take early and substantial action to keep well clear.

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13
Q

Colregs - What is Rule 17 ?

A

Rule 17 - Action by Stand-on Vessel

a) (i) Where one of two vessels is to keep out of the way the other shall keep her course and speed.
(ii) The latter vessel may however take action to avoid collision by her manoeuvre alone, as soon as it becomes apparent to her that the vessel required to keep out of the way is not taking appropriate action in compliance with these Rules.

(b) When, from any cause, the vessel required to keep her course and speed finds herself so close that collision cannot be avoided by the action of the give-way vessel alone, she shall take such action as will best aid to avoid collision.
(c) A power-driven vessel which takes action in a crossing situation in accordance with sub-paragraph (a)(ii) of this Rule to avoid collision with another power-driven vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, not alter course to port for a vessel on her own port side.
(d) This Rule does not relieve the give-way vessel of her obligation to keep out of the way.

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14
Q

Colregs - What is Rule 18 ?

A

Rule 18 - Responsibilities Between Vessels

Except where Rules 9,10 and 13 otherwise require:

(a) A power-driven vessel underway shall keep out of the way of:
(i) a vessel not under command;
(ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre;
(iii) a vessel engaged in fishing;
(iv) a sailing vessel.
(b) A sailing vessel underway shall keep out of the way of:
(i) a vessel not under command;
(ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre;
(iii) a vessel engaged in fishing.
(c) A vessel engaged in fishing when underway shall, so far as possible, keep out of the way of:
(i) a vessel not under command;
(ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre.
(d) (i)

Any vessel other than a vessel not under command or a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid impeding the safe passage of a vessel constrained by her draught, exhibiting the signals in Rule 28.

(ii) A vessel constrained by her draught shall navigate with particular caution having full regard to her special condition.
(e) A seaplane on the water shall, in general, keep well clear of all vessels and avoid impeding their navigation. In circumstances, however, where risk of collision exists, she shall comply with the Rules of this Part.
(f) (i) A WIG craft shall, when taking off, landing and in flight near the surface, keep well clear of all other vessels and avoid impeding their navigation;
(ii) A WIG craft operating on the water surface shall comply with the Rules of this Part as a power-driven vessel.

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15
Q

Colregs - What is Rule 19 ?

A

Rule 19 - Conduct of Vessels in Restricted Visibility

(a) This Rule applies to vessels not in sight of one another when navigating in or near an area of restricted visibility.
(b) Every vessel shall proceed at a safe speed adapted to the prevailing circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility. A power-driven vessel shall have her engines ready for immediate manoeuvre.
(c) Every vessel shall have due regard to the prevailing circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility when complying with the Rules of Section I of this Part.
(d) A vessel which detects by radar alone the presence of another vessel shall determine if a close- quarters situation is developing and/or risk of collision exists. If so, she shall take avoiding action in ample time, provided that when such action consists of an alteration of course, so far as possible the following shall be avoided:
(i) an alteration of course to port for a vessel forward of the beam, other than for a vessel being overtaken;
(ii) an alteration of course towards a vessel abeam or abaft the beam.
(e) Except where it has been determined that a risk of collision does not exist, every vessel which hears apparently forward of her beam the fog signal of another vessel, or which cannot avoid a close-quarters situation with another vessel forward of her beam, shall reduce her speed to the minimum at which she can be kept on her course. She shall if necessary take all her way off and in any event navigate with extreme caution until danger of collision is over.

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16
Q

Colregs - What is Rule 21?

A

Rule 21 - Lights - Definitions:

a) ‘ Masthead light’ means a white light placed over the fore and aft centreline of the vessel showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 225 degrees and so fix as to show the light from right ahead to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on either side of the vessel
b) ‘Sidelights’ mean a green light on the starboard side and a red light on the port side each showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 112.5 degrees and so fixed as to show the light from right ahead to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on its respective side. On a vessel of less than 20 metres in length the sidelights may be comined in one lantern carried on the fore and aft centre line of the vessel.
c) ‘Sternlight means a white light placed as nearly as practicable to the stern showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 135 degrees and so fixed as to show the light 67.5 degrees from right aft to each side of the vessel.
d) ‘Towing Light’ means a yellow light having the same characteristics as the ‘Sternlight’.
e) ‘All-round light’ means a light showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 360 degrees.

17
Q

Colregs - What is Rule 22?

A

Rule 22 - Visibility of Lights ​

a) In vessels of 50 metres or more in length:

  • a masthead light, 6 miles
  • a sidelight, 3 miles
  • a sternlight 3 miles
  • a towing light 3 miles
  • a white, red, green or yellow all-round light, 3 miles

b) In vessels of 12 metres or more in length but less than 50 metres in length:

  • a masthead light, 5 miles; except that where the length of the vessel is less than 20 metres, 3 miles
  • a sidelight, 2 miles
  • a sternlight, 2 miles
  • a towing light, 2miles
  • a white, red, green or yellow all-round light, 2miles

c) In vessels of less than 12 metres in length:

  • a masterhead light, 2miles
  • a sidelight 1 mile
  • a sternlight 2 mile
  • a towing light, 2 miles, a white, red, green or yellow all-round, 2 miles

d) In inconsopicuous, partle submerged vessels or objects being towed:

  • a white all-round light, 3miles
18
Q

Colregs - What is Rule 23?

A

Rule 23 - Power driven vessels underway

a) A power driven vessel shall exhibit:

  • i) a masthead light forward;
  • ii) a second masthead light abaft of and higher than the forward one; except that a vessel of less than 50 metres in length shall not be obliged to exhibit such light but may do so;
  • iii) sidelights;
  • iv) a sternlight

d) ii) a power-driven vessel of less than 7 metres in length whose maximum speed does not exceed 7 knots may in lieu of the light prescribed in paragraph a of this Rule exhibit an all-round white light and shall if practicable, also exhibit sidelights;

19
Q

Colregs - What is Rule 25?

A

Rule 25 - Sailing vessels underway and vessels under oars

c) A sailing vessel underway may, in addition to the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule, exhibit at or near the top of the mast, where they can best be seen, two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being red and the lower green, but these light shall not be exhibited in conjunction with the combine lantern permitted by paragraph (b) of this Rule.

20
Q

Colregs - What is Rule 26?

A

Rule 26 - Fishing Vessels

21
Q

Colregs - What is Rule 27?

A

Rule 27 - Vessels not under command or

restricted in their ability to manoeuvre

  • *a) a vessel not under command shall exhibit**
    i) two all-round red lights in a vertical line where they can best be seen

ii) two balls or similar shapes in a vertical line where they can best be seen
iii) when making way through the water, in addition to the lights prescribed in this paragraph, sidelights and a sternlight.

  • *b) a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre, except a vessel engaged in mine clearance operations, shall exhibit:**
    i) three all-round lights in a vertical line where they can best be seen, The highest and lowest of these lights shall be red and the middle light shall be white;

ii) three shapes in a vertical line where they can best be seen, The hightest and lowest of these shapes shal be balls and the middle one a diamond;
iii) when making way through the water, masthead lights or lights, sidelight and sternlight in addition to the lights precribed in this paragraph.

22
Q

Colregs - What is Rule 32?

A

Rule 32 - Definitions

a) The word “Whistle’ means any sound signalling appliance capable of producing the prescribed blasts and which complies with the specifications in Annex III of these regulations
b) The term ‘short blast’ means a blast of about one second’s duration.

The term ‘prolonged blast’ means a blast of from four to six seconds duration.

23
Q

Colregs - What is Rule 35

A

Rule 35 - Sound Signals of Vessels in restricted visibility

In or near an area of restricted visibility, whether by day or night, the signals prescribed in this Rule shall be used as follows:

a) a power-driven vessel making way through the water shall sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes one prolonged blast
b) a power-driven vessel underway but stopped and making no way through the water shall sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes two prolonged blasts in succession with an interval of about 2 seconds between them.
c) a vessel NUC, RAM, CBD, Sailing, Fishing, Towing or pushing = one prolonged blast followed by two short blasts
e) last towed vessel = one prolonged blast followed by three short
g) A vessel at anchor shall at intervals of not more than one minute right the bell rapidly for 5 seconds (if over 100m gong at aft sounded rapidly for 5 seconds after the bell). A vessel at anchor may in addition sound three blasts in succession, names one short, one prolonged, one short to give warning of her piosition and of the possibility of collision to an appoaching vessel.
h) A vessel aground shall give the bell signal and if required the gong signal prescribed in paragraph g) of this Rule and shall, in addition, give three separate and distinct strokes on the bell immediately before and after rapid ringing of the bell. A vessel aground may in addition sound an appropriate whistle signal.
j) A vessel of less than 12 metres in length shall not be obliged to give the above-mentioned signals but, if she does not, shall make some other efficient sound signal at intervals of not more than 2 minutes
k) A pilot vessel when engaged in pilotage duty may in addition to the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a),(b) or (g) of this Rule sound an indentity signal consisting of four short blasts.

24
Q

What is detailed in Annex I - Part 6 of the Colregs?

A

Annex I = Positioning and technical details of light and shapes

Part 6 = Shapes

a) Shapes shall be black and of the following sizes:
i) a ball shall have a diameter of not less than 0.6 metre;
ii) a cone shall have a base diameter of not less than 0.6 metre and a height equal to it’s diameter;
iii) a cyclinder shall have a diameter of at least 0.6 metre and a height of twice it’s diameter
iv) a diamond shape shall consist of two cones as defined in (ii) above having a common base (1.2m day shape)
b) The vertical distance between shapes shall be at least 1.5 metres.

25
Q
  • *What are the sections of the Colregs**
  • How many are there?*
A

Colregs as seen in MSN 1781 or NP 100 Contains the following parts:
PART A - GENERAL
PART B - STEERING AND SAILING RULES
Section 1: Conduct of Vessels in any condition of visibility
Section 2: Conduct of Vessels in sight of one another
Section 3: Conduct of Vessels in Restricted Visibility

PART C -
PART D -
PART E -

26
Q

Define Restricted in Ability to Manoeuvre

A

Due to the nature of work

Laying or servicing of cables
engaged in survey
engage in launching or recovering aircraft
vessel engaged in mine sweeping
Towing that severing hampers a tugs ability to alter course

27
Q

Define Not under command:

A

Due to exceptional circumstances unable to

Dragging Anchor
Rudder fell off
Propellor fell off

28
Q

Can a SY be constrained by draught?

A

No she cannot, per the definition of a vessel contrained by her draught is a power vessel.

If you are constrained by draught you are by definition a power driven vessel.

29
Q
  • *What vessels can be described as underway and making way**
  • (Not probably making way)*
A

If side lights are on:

  • Fish - Fishing vessels
  • NUC - Not under command
  • RAM - Restricted in Ability to Manouvre

Are all under way and making way with side lights on

30
Q
  • *NOT IMPEDE**
  • (Rule 8 - Part F i)*
A

Take early action to allow sufficient sea room for the safe passage of the other vessel.

31
Q

What vessels shall not impede as per Rule 9 & 10?

A
  • Sailing Vessels
  • Fishing Vessels
  • Vessels under 20m in length
32
Q

What is the format for a ‘smartie board’ questions?

A
  1. Type of Vessel
  2. Length
  3. Aspect
  4. Special Circumstanes
  5. Under-way
  6. Making-way