Cognition Flashcards
Episodic memory
Memories of specific events,stored in a sequential series of events.
Eg.remembering the last time you were on a date
Semantic memory
General knowledge of the world,stored as facts,meanings or categories,rather than sequentially.
Procedural memory
Memories of skill and how we perform them. These memories are sequential but might be very complicated to describe in words.
Explicit memories
Are what we usually think of first They ar econcsious memories of facts or events we actively tried to remember.
Implicit memories
Are unintentional memories that we might not even realize we have.
Ebbinghuas
Established that the order of items in a list is related to whether or not we will recall them
The primary effect
Predicts that we are more likely to recall the items at the end of a list
The recency effect
Is demonstrated by our ability to recall items at the end of a list
Serial position effect
This effect is seen when recall of a list is affected by the order of items in a list.
Semantic network theory
That our brains might form new memories by connecting their meaning and context with meanings already in memory.
Flashbulb memories
The importance of the event caused us to encode the context of the surrounding the event
Anterograde amnesia
They cannot encode new memories but they can recall events already in memory
Phonemes
Are the smallest units of sound used in a language
Morpheme
Is the smallest unit of a meaningful sound.
One-word stage
Around their first birthdsy
Telegraphic speech/two word stage
Combine words they can say into simple commands. 18 motnhs
Heuristics
A rule that is generally ,but not always, true that we can use to make a judgement in a situation.
Availability heuristic
Judging a situation on examples of similar situations that come to mind initially.
Representativeness heuristic
Judging a situation based on how similar the aspects are to prototype the person hold in their mind
Functional fixedness
The inability to see a new use for an object
Confirmation bias
We tend to look for evidence that confirms our beliefs and ignore evidence that contradicts what we thinks is true
