Biological Bases Of Behaviour Flashcards
Dendrites?
Rootlike parts of the cell that stretch out from the cell body. Dendrites grow to make synaptic connections with other neurons.
Cell body (soma)?
Contains the nucleus and other parts of the cell needed to sustain its life.
Axon?
Wirelike structure ending in the terminal buttons that extends from the cell body.
Myelin sheath?
A fatty covering around the axon of some neurons that speeds neural impulses.
Terminal buttons?
The branches end of the axon that contains neurotransmitters.
Synapse?
The space between the terminal buttons of one neuron and the dendrites of the next neuron.
How a neuron fires?
In its resting state a neuron has an overall negative charge because mostly negative ions are within the cell and mostly positive ions are surrounding it. The reactions begins when the terminal buttons of neuron A are stimulated and release neurotransmitters into the synapse. These neurotransmitters fit into receptor sites on the dendrites of neuron B if enough neurotransmitters are received (this is called the threshold) the cell membrane of neuron Bbecomes permeable and positive ions rush in. The change in charge spreads through the neuron. This electric message firing id called action potential.
All-or-none principle
A neuron either fires complete,y or it does not fire.
Afferent neurons?
Take information from the senses to the brain.
Interneurons?
Interneurons take information that reaches the brain or spinal cord and sends them elsewhere in the brain or on to efferent neurons
Efferent (motor) neurons?
Takes information from the brain to the rest of the body
The central nervous system?
Consists of the brain and spinal cord
The peripheral nervous system?
Consists of all other nerves in your body-all nerves not incased in bones
Somatic nervous system?
Controls all voluntary muscle movements
Autonomic nervous system?
Controls the automatic functions of our body —heart,lungs,internal organs ,glands and so on—control our response to stress.
Sympathetic nervous system?
Mobilizes our body to respond to stress. Activates ‘fight or flight’ response.
Parasympathetic nervous system?
Responsible for slowing down our body after a stress response.
Who is phineas gage?
Had and iron rod shot through his skull and still functioned normally,eventually he started to become more emotional than before the accident
Lesions?
The removal or destruction or a part of the brain
EEG?
Detects brain waves
CAT or CT scan?
Uses X-ray cameras that rotate around the bran and combine all the pictures into a 3D picture of the brains structure.
MRI?
Creates detailed pictures of the brain. Uses magnetic fields to measure the density and location of brain material.
PET?
Shows what areas of the brain are more active during certain tasks.
fMRI?
Shows details of brain structure brain structure with information about blood flow.
