Biological Bases Of Behaviour

Question 1

Dendrites?

Answer 1

Rootlike parts of the cell that stretch out from the cell body. Dendrites grow to make synaptic connections with other neurons.

Question 2

Cell body (soma)?

Answer 2

Contains the nucleus and other parts of the cell needed to sustain its life.

Question 3

Axon?

Answer 3

Wirelike structure ending in the terminal buttons that extends from the cell body.

Question 4

Myelin sheath?

Answer 4

A fatty covering around the axon of some neurons that speeds neural impulses.

Question 5

Terminal buttons?

Answer 5

The branches end of the axon that contains neurotransmitters.

Question 6

Synapse?

Answer 6

The space between the terminal buttons of one neuron and the dendrites of the next neuron.

Question 7

How a neuron fires?

Answer 7

In its resting state a neuron has an overall negative charge because mostly negative ions are within the cell and mostly positive ions are surrounding it. The reactions begins when the terminal buttons of neuron A are stimulated and release neurotransmitters into the synapse. These neurotransmitters fit into receptor sites on the dendrites of neuron B if enough neurotransmitters are received (this is called the threshold) the cell membrane of neuron Bbecomes permeable and positive ions rush in. The change in charge spreads through the neuron. This electric message firing id called action potential.

Question 8

All-or-none principle

Answer 8

A neuron either fires complete,y or it does not fire.

Question 9

Afferent neurons?

Answer 9

Take information from the senses to the brain.

Question 10

Interneurons?

Answer 10

Interneurons take information that reaches the brain or spinal cord and sends them elsewhere in the brain or on to efferent neurons

Question 11

Efferent (motor) neurons?

Answer 11

Takes information from the brain to the rest of the body

Question 12

The central nervous system?

Answer 12

Consists of the brain and spinal cord

Question 13

The peripheral nervous system?

Answer 13

Consists of all other nerves in your body-all nerves not incased in bones

Question 14

Somatic nervous system?

Answer 14

Controls all voluntary muscle movements

Question 15

Autonomic nervous system?

Answer 15

Controls the automatic functions of our body —heart,lungs,internal organs ,glands and so on—control our response to stress.

Question 16

Sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 16

Mobilizes our body to respond to stress. Activates ‘fight or flight’ response.

Question 17

Parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 17

Responsible for slowing down our body after a stress response.

Question 18

Who is phineas gage?

Answer 18

Had and iron rod shot through his skull and still functioned normally,eventually he started to become more emotional than before the accident

Question 19

Lesions?

Answer 19

The removal or destruction or a part of the brain

Question 20

EEG?

Answer 20

Detects brain waves

Question 21

CAT or CT scan?

Answer 21

Uses X-ray cameras that rotate around the bran and combine all the pictures into a 3D picture of the brains structure.

Question 22

MRI?

Answer 22

Creates detailed pictures of the brain. Uses magnetic fields to measure the density and location of brain material.

Question 23

PET?

Answer 23

Shows what areas of the brain are more active during certain tasks.

Question 24

fMRI?

Answer 24

Shows details of brain structure brain structure with information about blood flow.

Question 25

Hindbrain?

Answer 25

Consists of medulla,pons,cerebellum

Question 26

Medulla?

Answer 26

The control of our blood pressure,heart rate,and breathing

Question 27

Pons?

Answer 27

Control of facial expressions

Question 28

Cerebellum?

Answer 28

Coordinates habitual muscle movements

Question 29

Midbrain?

Answer 29

Reticular formation

Question 30

Reticular formation?

Answer 30

Responsible for consciousness. General body arousal and ability to focus our attention.

Question 31

Forebrain?

Answer 31

Consists of the thalamus,amygdala ,and hippocampus.

Question 32

Thalamus?

Answer 32

Responsible for receiving the sensory signals coming up the spinal cord and sending them to the appropriate areas in the rest of the forebrain.

Question 33

Hypothalamus?

Answer 33

Controls several metabolic functions,including body temperature,sexual arousal,hunger,thirst,and the endocrine system.

Question 34

Amygdala?

Answer 34

Experiences of emotion

Question 35

Hippocampus?

Answer 35

Vital to our memory system

Question 36

Cerebral cortex?

Answer 36

The layers that covers the rest of the brain. Responsible for the higher-level processes of the human brain, including language, memory, reasoning, thought, learning, decision-making, emotion, intelligence and personality.

Question 37

Left hemisphere?

Answer 37

Gets sensory messages and controls the motor function of the right half of the body.

Question 38

Right hemisphere?

Answer 38

Gets sensory messages and controls the motor functions of the left half of the body.

Question 39

Frontal lobe?

Answer 39

Thought to play a critical role in directing thought process. Important in predicting consequences,pursuing goals,maintaining emotional control and abstract thought.

Question 40

Broca’s area

Answer 40

Controls muscles involved with producing speech. Damage to this area might leave us unable to make the the muscle movements needed for speech. Located in the frontal lobe.

Question 41

Wernicke’s area?

Answer 41

Located in the temporal lobe. It interprets bot written s and spoken speech. Damage to this area would affect our ability to understand language.

Question 42

Parietal lobes?

Answer 42

Behind frontal but still on top of the brain. Contains the sensory cortex. processes your sense of touch and assembles input from your other senses into a form you can use.

Question 43

Temporal lobes?

Answer 43

Sound waves are processed by the ears and turned into neural impulses, and interpreted in out auditory cortices

Question 44

Occipital lobes?

Answer 44

At the very back of the brain. Interpret messages from our eyes in our visual cortex