Coasts and how they are eroded

Question 1

What is a coastline?

Answer 1

The narrow strip of land that separates land from sea.

Question 2

What is a concordant coastline?

Answer 2

Same type of rock running parallel to a coast

Question 3

What is discordant coastline?

Answer 3

Different types of rock running parallel to a coast.

Question 4

What is a headland?

Answer 4

A headland is a cliff that juts out into the sea. They are composed of hard rock. They have steeper slopes

Question 5

What is a bay?

Answer 5

a broad inlet of the sea where the land curves inwards. An area sheltered by land by three sides. Sometimes contains sand and found near headlands. They have gentle slopes

Question 6

In which circumstance are headland and bays formed?

Answer 6

When there are discordant coastlines.

Question 7

Give an example of a hard rock

Answer 7

Clay

Question 8

Give an example of a hard rock

Answer 8

Chalk

Question 9

What is a cove?

Answer 9

A cove is a circular wide bay

Question 10

Explain the erosion of a cliff

Answer 10

1. ) Processes of EROSION such as hydraulic action and abrasion erode the part of the cliff under water. This created a WAVE - CUT - NOTCH and causes OVERHANGING.
2. ) Processes of WEATHERING such as physical and chemical affect the part of the cliff on top.
3. ) The cliff can eventually become unstable and collapses and a new wave-cut notch forms
4. ) Repeated collapsing results in the cliff RETREATING
5. ) It also makes a WAVE - CUT PLATFORM that is the platform left behind
6. ) Cliff collapses are mass movements. They happen due to strong gravity.

Question 11

Name three three types of cliff collapses / mass movements

Answer 11

Slumps, Slides and Rockfalls

Question 12

Define rockfalls

Answer 12

Material shifting and falling vertically downwards

Question 13

Define slides

Answer 13

Material shifting and falling in a straight line at an angle

Question 14

Define slumps

Answer 14

Material shifting and falling with a rotation.

Question 15

Define wave-cut notch

Answer 15

An area of heavy erosion found near the base of the wave.

Question 16

Define wave - cut platform

Answer 16

The platform under water in front of a cliff that has been created due to retreating of the cliff

Question 17

Explain how headlands and bay forms

Answer 17

.Certain types of rock are more resistant to erosion than others. Headlands and bays form where there is a discordant line.
. The less resistant rock is eroded quickly forming a gentle sloped bay
. The more resistant rock is eroded slowly jutting out forming a headlands that has steeper slides

Question 18

Describe the erosion of a headland

Answer 18

. Headlands are made of resistant rock
. Wave crash into headlands and erode the rock through hydraulic action and abrasion forming CRACKS
. The rock that usually gets eroded is called BEDDING PLANES.
. Repeated erosion causes enlargement and the cracks causes a CAVE to form
. Eventually erosion deepens the cave until it breaks through forming an ARCH
. Erosion continues to wear the rock supporting the arch and eventually it collapses forming a STACK
. A stack eventually also wears away to give a STUMP.

Question 19

Describe the formation of a cove

Answer 19

.They form where there is alternating bands of hard and soft rock
. The resistant rock slowly erodes and then eventually it reaches the softer rocker
. In the softer rock, erosion occurs quickly laterally and vertically
. When it reaches the resistant rock rate of erosion decreases.

Question 20

Name a hard rock

Answer 20

Clay

Question 21

Name a soft rock

Answer 21

Chalk - It is a type of sedimentary rock

Question 22

Formation of a blow hole

Answer 22

. Waves erode into the cave under water
. Processes of erosion take place
. Wave gets forced up out of the blow hole at the surface under pressure.

Question 23

What is a anticline?

Answer 23

A structure formed by the folding of rock strata(rock layers) into an arch like shape. Looks like an A shape.

Question 24

What is a sycline?

Answer 24

Anticlines are folds in which each half of the fold dips away from the crest. Looks like an S shape