CNS - Parkinson's, Delirium, Horner's syndrome

Question 1

Parkinson’s disease

Staging

Answer 1

Question 2

Parkinson’s disease

Epidemiology

Answer 2

Question 3

Parkinson’s disease

Causes

Answer 3

Question 4

Parkinson’s disease

Differential diagnosis

Answer 4

Question 5

Secondary parkinsonism

Ddx

Answer 5

Question 6

Parkinson’s disease

Pathophysiology

Answer 6

Depigmentation, neuronal loss and gliosis in substantia nigra pars compacta in midbrain and
locus ceruleus in pons

Presence of Lewy bodies
* Pathological hallmark of PD but not specific to PD (e.g. Dementia with Lewy bodies)
* Lewy bodies are round eosinophilic intracytoplasmic neuronal inclusions which is made
up of α-synuclein and ubiquitin

Question 7

Parkinson’s disease

Cardinal symptoms

Answer 7

Question 8

Parkinson’s disease

Associated motor features

Answer 8

Question 9

Parkinson’s disease

non-motor features

Answer 9

Question 10

Parkinson’s disease

Signs

Answer 10

Question 11

Parkinson’s disease

Diagnostic criteria

Answer 11

Question 12

Parkinson’s disease

Red flag signs of alternative pathologies

Answer 12

Question 13

Parkinson’s disease

Absolute exclusion criteria

Answer 13

Question 14

Parkinson’s disease

Dynamic function tests

Answer 14

Question 15

Parkinson’s disease

Medical treatment options
MoA
S/E

Answer 15

Question 16

Parkinson’s disease

Surgical management options

Answer 16

Question 17

Horner’s syndrome

Cardinal features

Answer 17

Question 18

Horner syndrome

Central/ 1st order causes

Answer 18

Question 19

Horner syndrome

Pre-ganglionic/ 2nd order causes

Answer 19

Question 20

Horner syndrome

Post-ganglionic/ 3rd order causes

Answer 20

Question 21

Horner syndrome

Diagnosis

Answer 21

Question 22

Delirium

Definition
Risk factors

Answer 22

Question 23

Delirium

Precipitating factors

Answer 23

Question 24

Delirium

Pathophysiology

Answer 24

Question 25

Delirium
Clinical features

Answer 25

Question 26

Delirium

Differential diagnosis

Answer 26

Question 27

Delirium

Diagnostic criteria

Answer 27

Question 28

Delirium

History taking questions

Answer 28

Question 29

Delirium

P/E

Answer 29

Question 30

Delirium

Biochemical investigations

Answer 30

Question 31

Delirium

Radiological investigations

Answer 31

Question 32

Delirium

General management
Treatment

Answer 32