CNS - Meningitis, encephalitis, brain abscess

Question 1

Meningitis

Classification

Answer 1

Question 2

Meningitis vs encephalitis

Distinguishing feature

Answer 2

Question 3

Bacterial meningitis

Common causative pathogens

Answer 3

Question 4

Bacterial meningitis

Most likely causative organism across age groups and demographics

Answer 4

Question 5

Viral meningitis

Most common pathogens

Answer 5

Question 6

Subacute and malignant meningitis

Causes

Answer 6

Question 7

Bacterial meningitis

Pathophysiology

Answer 7

Question 8

Viral meningitis

Pathophysiology

Answer 8

Question 9

Meningitis

S/S

Answer 9

Question 10

Meningitis

History taking questions

Answer 10

Question 11

Meningitis

P/E

Answer 11

Question 12

Meningitis

Biochemical Ix

Answer 12

Microbiological Ix:
- Blood culture
- CSF analysis by lumbar puncture; CSF smear, culture with sensitivity testing, antigen detection and PCR
- Blood and urine for viral culture and PCR
- Throat, rectal swabs for viral culture and PCR
- Serology

Question 13

Meningitis

Compare CSF parameters between bacterial vs viral vs fungal infection

Answer 13

Question 14

Meningitis

Microbiological workup

Answer 14

Blood culture
* Cultures should be obtained before administration of antimicrobials
* Useful when lumbar puncture is delayed or deferred due to increased ICP

Question 15

Meningitis

Radiological Ix

Answer 15

Question 16

Meningitis

Management of increased ICP

Answer 16

Question 17

Meningitis

Antimicrobials

Answer 17

Question 18

Meningitis

Dexamethasone use
- Indication
- MoA
- Rationale

Answer 18

Question 19

Meningitis

Medical treatment in children

Answer 19

Question 20

Meningitis

Complications

Answer 20

Question 21

Meningitis

Prevention

Answer 21

Question 22

Anti-TB medications
- MoA
- Side effects

Answer 22

Question 23

Anti-TB medication use with dexamethasone

Indications

Answer 23

Question 24

Lumbar puncture

Contraindications
Complications

Answer 24

Question 25

Ddx neutrophilic and lymphocytic meningitis

Answer 25

Question 26

Encephalitis

Definition
Difference with meningitis

Answer 26

Question 27

Encephalitis

Acute and chronic causes

Answer 27

Question 28

Post-infectious viral encephalitis

Causes

Answer 28

Question 29

Difference between primary and post infectious viral encephalitis

Answer 29

Question 30

Encephalitis

Clinical presentation

Answer 30

Question 31

Encephalitis

D/dx

Answer 31

Question 32

Encephalitis

Investigations

Answer 32

Question 33

Encephalitis

Treatment (excluding general and ICH treatment)

Answer 33

Question 34

Brain abscess

Routes of spread

Answer 34

Question 35

Brain abscess

Causative pathogens

Answer 35

Question 36

Brain abscess

Clinical presentation
Disease progression

Answer 36

Question 37

Brain abscess

Investigation

Answer 37

Question 38

Brain abscess

Treatment
Complications

Answer 38