Cardiac - Myocarditis, Pericarditis, Infective endocarditis, Rheumatic heart disease

Question 1

Myocarditis

Pathophysiology

Answer 1

Question 2

Myocarditis

Infective causes

Answer 2

Question 3

Myocarditis

Non-infective causes

Answer 3

Question 4

Myocarditis

Clinical presentation

Answer 4

Question 5

Myocarditis

Biochemical Ix

Answer 5

Question 6

Myocarditis

Radiological Ix

Answer 6

Question 7

Myocarditis

Treatment

Answer 7

Question 8

Pericarditis

Causes

Answer 8

Question 9

Pericarditis

Clinical presentation

Answer 9

Question 10

Pericarditis

Biochemical Ix

Answer 10

Question 11

Pericarditis

Radiological Ix

Answer 11

CXR
- Recommended in ALL patients
- Evaluate for cardiac silhouette
- May exhibit an enlarged cardiac silhouette with clear lung fields in patients with pericardial effusion

ECG
- Diffuse concave ST segment elevation, PR segment elevation and ST segment depression on lead aVR

Echocardiogram
- Normal in patients with pericarditis
- Look for evidence of pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade which is a gold standard for detecting and quantifying effusion
- Presence of pericardial effusion supports diagnosis of suspected pericarditis
- Absence of pericardial effusion does NOT exclude pericarditis

Question 12

Pericarditis

ECG changes over stages
Differentiation with AMI

Answer 12

Question 13

Pericarditis

Management

Answer 13

Question 14

Infective endocarditis

Risk factors

Answer 14

Question 15

Infective endocarditis

Pathogens

Answer 15

Question 16

Infective endocarditis

Pathophysiology

Answer 16

Question 17

Infective endocarditis

Clinical manifestations

Answer 17

Question 18

Infective endocarditis

Duke’s Major criteria

Answer 18

Question 19

Infective endocarditis

Duke’s Minor criteria

Answer 19

Question 20

Infective endocarditis

Diagnostic criteria

Answer 20

Question 21

Infective endocarditis

History taking questions

Answer 21

Question 22

Infective endocarditis

P/E

Answer 22

Question 23

Infective endocarditis

Biochemical Ix

Answer 23

Question 24

Infective endocarditis

Radiological Ix

Answer 24

Question 25

Infective endocarditis

Medical treatment

Answer 25

Question 26

infective endocarditis

Surgical treatment indications

Answer 26

Recurrent embolic event
Native valve with hemodynamic instability
Prosthetic valve infection
Abscess on valve
Difficult fungal infections

Question 27

Infective endocarditis

antibiotic prophylaxis indications
regimens

Answer 27

Question 28

Infective endocarditis

Complications

Answer 28

Question 29

Rheumatic heart disease

Cause
Disease course

Answer 29

Question 30

Acute rheumatic fever

Epidemiology
Pathogenesis

Answer 30

Question 31

Acute rheumatic fever

Diagnostic criteria

Answer 31

Question 32

Acute rheumatic fever

Jone’s major and minor crieria

Answer 32

Question 33

Acute rheumatic fever

Investigations

Answer 33

Question 34

Acute rheumatic fever

Treatment

Answer 34

Question 35

Acute rheumatic fever

Primary and secondary prevention

Answer 35