Clinical Psychology: Other Issues in Psychotherapy Practice and Research Flashcards
Criticisms of treatment manuals are that they ____________ the therapeutic process and can lead to the _____________ of therapeutic techniques (e.g., Addis, 1997).
- Oversimplify
- Misuse
In psychotherapy research, “placebo” usually means providing participants with the ______________ factors of psychotherapy, such as ____________ and support.
- Nonspecific
- Attention
Studies have shown that placebo conditions have a _____________ impact, with participants in placebo groups typically showing __________ improvement in symptoms than those in no-treatment or wait-list control groups.
- Substantial
- Greater
Lipsey and Wilson (1993) report an average effect size of ____ when treated participants are compared to no treatment controls, but a smaller effect size of ____ when participants in the treatment group are compared to those in a placebo control group.
- .67
- .48
Critics of using placebo controls argue that is is not useful because it has not helped to identify the “_____________” of psychotherapy (Lambert and Bergin, 1994).
Active ingredients.
“_________________” was originally used to describe the tendency of health professionals to attribute all behavioral, social, and emotional problems to mental retardation in individuals with this diagnosis.
Diagnostic overshadowing.
The goal of an _________________ intervention is to make changes in the environment so that it better accommodates the individual.
Alloplastic.
The goal of an _________________ intervention is to change the individual so that he/she is better able to function effectively within his/her environment.
Autoplastic.
Research investigating the sources of work-related problems for therapists indicate that therapists find _______________ to be the most stressful type of client behavior (Deutsch, 1984).
Suicidal statements.
Therapists consider a “________________” to be the single most stressful aspect of their work (Farber and Heifetz, 1982).
Lack of therapeutic success.
Issues related to _____________ constitute the most frequently encountered ethical/legal dilemma (Haas, Malouf, and Mayerson, 1986).
Confidentiality.
The prevalence of mental illness is higher among ___________ than __________ in each age group.
- Females
- Males
In terms of admission rates to state and county psychiatric hospitals, the rates are higher for ______.
Men.
Witkin and colleagues (1994) attribute the higher admission rate of men to state and county psychiatric services to the supposition that men are more likely to exhibit “__________” behaviors, and that this additionally reflects a change in emphasis in commitment criteria from “psychopathology” to “______________.”
- Acting out
- Perceived dangerousness
Admission rates into psychiatric hospitals are lowest among ___________, intermediate for those who are __________ or divorced/separated, and highest for the ____________.
- The widowed
- Married
- Never married
Although ____________ represent the largest number of psychiatric inpatients when population proportions are taken into account, patients from other _________ are overrepresented.
- Whites
- Races
For both men and women, the largest proportion of psychiatric inpatient admissions is in the ____ to ____ age range.
- 25
- 44
____________ is the most common diagnosis for inpatient in the 18 to 44 range; for patients aged 65 and older, an _____________ is the most common diagnosis, followed by an __________ disorder.
- Schizophrenia
- Organic disorder
- Affective
Data from the 1997 Client/Patient Survey (Crider et al., 2006) found that ________ continue to be admitted to inpatient programs more often than ________, but that the opposite is true for outpatient admissions.
- Men
- Women
___________ represent the majority (70%) of admissions to both inpatient and outpatient mental health programs.
Whites.
