clinical psychology Flashcards
intersectionality
what it means to be a woman, a man, or a nonbinary person depends on a host of other identities, experiences, and power structures // can be defined as an approach that simultaneously considers the meaning and consequences of multiple categories of identity, difference and disadvantage // An approach that simultaneously considers the consequences of multiple group member- ships, e.g., the intersection of gender and ethnicity.
acculturation
the process of corporations the beliefs and customs of a new culture.
socialization
refers to the ways in which society conveys to the individual its norms or expectations for their behaviour.
dimorphic system
a system that can only take two forms
mosaicism
having at least one element with the female end form and that at least one element with the male end form
developmental intergroup theory
children’s endogenous qualities, including their cognitive capacities and idiosyncratic characteristics (traits, interest) interact in dynamic ways with their enviornmnetnal context to induce children to attend to, categorise others and develop stereotypes and prejudice concerinign gender/sex
gender dysphoria
involves a conflict between a persons physical or assigned gender and the gender with he she they identify
intersex
general term used for a range of conditions affecting the chromosomal makeup, the reproductive and or sexual anatomy of a person// Individuals with statistically atypical genitals or internal reproductive structures can be termed
desire
outward directed goal seeking that relates to the intention to engage in sexual action, though desire does not invariably lead to the wish to have sex
arousal
the subjective awareness of bodily changes, not exclusively at the genitals
sexual disorder
problem with sexual response that causes a person mental distress
hypoactive sexual desire
when sexual desire is very low so that the individual is not interested in sexual activity
discrepency of sexual desire
if one partner wants sex considerably less frequently than the other does, then there is conflict
female sexual arousal disorder
refers to lack of response to sexual stimulation, including a lack of lubrication
erectile disorder
inability to have an erection or maintain one
lifelong erectile disorder
man has never been able to have an erection that is satisfactory for intercourse
acquired erectile disorder
the man has difficulty getting or maintain an erection but has had erections sufficient for intercourse at other times
human sexual response cylce
excitement, arousal, orgasm resolution
female sexual interest/ arousal disorder
1) absent/reduced interest in sexual activity; (2) absent/reduced sexual/erotic thoughts or fantasies; (3) no/reduced initiation of sexual activity and typically unresponsive to a partner’s attempts to initiate; (4) absent/reduced sexual excitement/pleasure during sexual activity on all or almost all…sexual encounters; (5) absent/reduced sexual interest in response to any internal or external sexual/erotic cues (e.g., written, verbal, visual); (6) absent or reduced genital or nongenital sensations during sexual activity on all or almost all…sexual encounters
social structural theory
psychological gender differences are a result of the division of labour by gender and the gender disparity in power
surgency
the greater urgency of boys includes motor activity, impulsivity and experience of pleasure form high intensity activities
effortful control
emerges in the self regulatory skills of greater attention span, ability to focus and shift attention and inhibitory control and it includes their greater perceptual sensitivity and experience of pleasure from low intensity iactivities.
cognitive vulnerability/transactional stres theory
incorporated genetic cognitive factors that combine with negative events to produce the negative effect the tcan precipitate depression
evoked culture model
example : all individuals are capable of acting intimidating when they or their offspring are being threatened. variation in sex differences arises across cultures as circumstances evoke different biological adaptations// natural selection endowed humans with many cognitive modules that address specific adaptive problems that occurred fre- quently in the ancestral past
biosociale constructionist theory
humans evolved capacities to innovate and communicate with others and thereby to produce the cumulative culture in which beliefs and practiees are shared and subsequently modified
evolutionary psych
Evolutionary psychology states that gender differences in sex- uality are a result of evolution and a product of men and women differing in their strategies for genetic success. Re- productive success is achieved by maximizing the number of viable offspring who pass on their parents’ genes to successive generation
cognitive social theory
According to cognitive social learning theory, learning takes place by observing others’ behaviors, analyzing those behaviors, and modeling them
objectification theory
looking not at the body as much that it is a biological entity, but more a way of the body is treated in society
limited resources perspective
And because women are vigilantly aware of their outer body appearance, they may be left with fewer perceptual resources available for attending to inner body experience.//
minding the outer body distracts from awareness of the internal bodily states. hinders women’s sexual satisfaction
poststructuralist perspective
regardless of one’s appreciation of a perspective on the body as a construct, it is undoubtedly important to acknowledge that our ways of knowing, also of knowing the material body, are heavily informed by cultural norms and visions
the interactional, process-oriented perspective
an understanding of gender as a routine, methodical and recurring accomplishment.
“doing gender” is both seeing and doing, interpreting and acting, all in daily interaction with others within a specific context
role congruity theory
behaviour that meets social norms is more positively evaluated
metoidioplasty
one technique for female to male transexual surgery / involves elongating the clitoris
gender similarities hypothesis
men and women are similar on most but not all psychological variables
sex-role identification
the degree to which we develop stereotypically masculine and feminine personality traits, interests and beliefs
gender diverse
An umbrella term describing individuals with gender identities and/or expressions that vary from expected developmental norms. This includes people who identify as multiple genders or with no gender at all.
gender expression
he outward manifestation of a person’s gender, which may or may not reflect their inner gender identity based on traditional expectations. Gender expression incorporates how a person carries themselves, their dress, accessories, grooming, voice/speech patterns and conversational mannerisms, and physical characteristics.
gender identity
A person’s inner sense of being a girl/woman, boy/man, some combination of both, or something else, including having no gender at all. This may or may not correspond to the gender assigned at birth.
nonbinary
A term used by some individuals whose gender identity is neither girl/woman nor boy/man.
sex/gender assigned at birth
Traditional designation of a person as “female,” “male,” or “intersex” based on anatomy (external genitalia and/ or internal reproductive organs) and/or biology (sex chromosomes and/or hormones). “Sex” and “gender” are often used interchangeably, but they are distinct entities. It is best to distinguish between sex, gender identity, and gender expression and to avoid making assumptions about a person regarding one of these characteristics based on knowledge of the others. This is sometimes abbreviated as AFAB (assigned female at birth) or AMAB (assigned male at birth).
sexual orientation
Describes the types of individuals toward whom a person has emotional, physical, and/or romantic attachments.
transgender
An umbrella term describing individuals whose gender identity does not align in a traditional sense with the gender they were assigned at birth. It may also be used to refer to a person whose gender identity is binary and not traditionally associated with that assigned at birth.
DSM5 gender dysphoria in adolescents/adults
A marked incongruence between one’s experienced/expressed gender and primary and/or secondary sex characteristics (or in young adolescents, the anticipated secondary sex characteristics)
A strong desire to be rid of one’s primary and/or secondary sex characteristics because of a marked incongruence with one’s experienced/expressed gender (or in young adolescents, a desire to prevent the development of the anticipated secondary sex characteristics)
A strong desire for the primary and/or secondary sex characteristics of the other gender
A strong desire to be of the other gender (or some alternative gender different from one’s assigned gender)
A strong desire to be treated as the other gender (or some alternative gender different from one’s assigned gender)
A strong conviction that one has the typical feelings and reactions of the other gender (or some alternative gender different from one’s assigned gender)
ambivalent gender identity
equal identification with birth sex and other sex
incongruent gender identity
stronger indication with other sex as with sex assigned with birth
subjective arousal
positive mental engagement and focus in response to a sexual stimulus. there might or might not be awareness of the presence or absence of genital changes or sensations occurring during a sexual event (perceived arousal)
the patient journey healthcare system
prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, recovery & reintegration
quality standards are made from 3 types of info
evidence based knowledge, experience based knowledge, eminence based knowledge
sensitive period
period of time early in development has critical windows where you can acquire a certain skill
shibboleths
words that are used to distinguish native speakers from speakers who learned language later
developmental niche theory
theoretical framework for understandig and analysing how culture shapes child development. physical and social settings, customs and practices of child rearing, caretaker’s psychology
physical and social settings
what affordances the physical space proved (nutrition, climate)
customs and practices of child rearing
inherited and adapted ways of nurturing, entertaining, educating, and protecting the child
caretaker’s psychology
parental ethnotheories (beliefs and values about child development and parenting)
