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psychology year 3 > clinical exam 2 > Flashcards

clinical exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

communion

A

need to belong

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2
Q

agency

A

need to be yourself

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3
Q

attachment theory

A

human beings are born with a psychobiological system (attachment behavioural system) that motivates them to seek proximity to significant others (attachment figures

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4
Q

attachment security

A

a sense that hte world is interesting and safe etc

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5
Q

hyperactivation

A

characterised by energetic, insistent attempts to induce a relationship partner, viewed as insufficiently available or responsive, to pay more attention and provide better care and supportq

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6
Q

deactivation

A

suppression or inhibition of proximity seeking inclinations and actions, discounting of threats that might activate the attachment system, and determination to handle undeniable stresses alone

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7
Q

attachment style

A

chronic pattern of relational expectations, emotions, and behaviours that result from a particular history of attachment experiences

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8
Q

avoidant attahment

A

indicates the extent to which he or she distrusts others’ good will and relies on edeactvaign strategies for coping with attachment insecurities

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9
Q

anxiety dimension

A

the degree to which he or she worries that relationship partners will be unavailable or unhelpful in times of need and relies on hyper activating strategies

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10
Q

cognitive motivational predispoosition

A

interpersonal goals, beliefs about self and others, and mental scripts

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11
Q

declarative knowledge about self and others

A

beliefs about one’s worth skills and efficacy; beliefs about a partner’s likely motives and actions

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12
Q

procedural knowledge about interpersonal exchanges

A

mental scripts representing the ways in which interpersonal exchanges typically unfold

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13
Q

persons goal structureq

A

the goals he or she frequently seeks during social interaction

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14
Q

secure base scritp

A

interactions with warm loving and supportive attachment figures are embodied in a relational if-then scripts. for example : if I encounter an obstacle and become distressed, I can approach a significant other for help

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15
Q

sentinel script

A

one that includes high sensitivity to clues of impending danger and a tnecendy to warn others with the danger while staying close to those others in the dangerous situation

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16
Q

fight flight script

A

one that includes rapid self protective responses to danger without consulting other people or seeking to receive help from them.

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17
Q

loneliness definition

A

corresponds to a discrepancy between an individuals preferred and actual social relations

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18
Q

intimate loneliness/emotional loneliness

A

the perceived absence of a significant someone that is a person one can rely on for emotional support during crises

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19
Q

social loneliness

A

perceived presence/absene of quality friendships or family connections, connections from the sympathy group within one’s relational space

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20
Q

collective loneliness

A

refers to a persons valued social identities or ‘active network’ wherein an individual can connect to similar others at a distance in the collective space

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21
Q

sullivan interpersonal theory

A

considered interpersonal relations and self-concept to be core emphases on understanding normal and abnormal personality// begins with the assumption that the most important expressions of persoanality occur in phenomena involving more than one person// indidivuals express integrated tendencies which bring them together in the mutual pursuits of satisfactions (generally a large class of biologically grounded needs), security (anxiety free functioning) and self-esteem // interpersonal situations occur between proximal interactants and within the minds of those interactants via the capacity for mental representation of self and others

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22
Q

personifications

A

over time the interpersonal situation underlies genesis, development, maintenance and mutability of personality and this gives rise to lasting conceptions of self and others

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23
Q

individual variation in learnning occurs due to

A

the interaction between the developing person’s level of cognitive maturation and the characteristics of the interpersonal situations encountered

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24
Q

interpersonal situation (summarised by pincus from Sullivan’s concept)

A

the experience of a pattern of relating self with other associated with varying levels of anxiety (or security) in which learning takes place that influences the development of self-concept and social behaviour

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25
Q

behavioural intensity

A

the metric increasing from the center of the circle

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26
Q

behavioural rigidity

A

The interpersonal mechanisms displayed by an individual in a social situation may be considered the outcome of an interplay between environmental forces impinging upon him and those enduring tendencies to action which he brings to the situation”/// the circumflex of interpersonal traits allows the model to describe enduring patterns of interpersonal behaviour and the metric increasing from this level of analysis represents a second perspective on abnornmal personality

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27
Q

modern trait theory

A

conceives of traits as descirptions of how a person behaves in certain situations, and of equal importance traits describe something about the intrapsychic functioning of the individual’s mind

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28
Q

agency

A

refers to the condition of being differentiated individual, and is manifested in strikings for power and mastery which can enhance and protect ones’ differentiation

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29
Q

communion

A

refers to the condition of being part of a larger social or spiritual entity

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30
Q

personality trait

A

an enduring dispositional attribute of the individual expressed in distinctive patterns of thought, behaviour and feeling

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31
Q

leary 1957

A

among the first interpresonalitst to articulate the view that normal and abnormal interpersonal behaviours lie on the same continuum, and that differences between adjustive and maladjustive personality are quantitative rather than qualitative in nature

32
Q

rigidity by pincus

A

characteristic of a person, a summary of his or her limited repertoires across various interpersonal situations

33
Q

flux

A

the variability (standard deviation) of the individual’s mean score on a particular interpersonal dimenison

34
Q

spin

A

indicates the variability of the person’s angular position across time,

35
Q

pulse

A

refers to the variability in vector length

36
Q

IIP

A

inventory of interpersonal problems. assumption that interpersonal problems or difficulties often form the underlying basis of psychiatric complaints and symptoms

37
Q

unmitigated agency

A

as focus on self to the exclusion of others

38
Q

unmitigated communion

A

focus on others, to the exclusion of self

39
Q

intradimensional mitigation

A

moderation in levels of either agency or communion

40
Q

interpersonal field

A

a variety of transactional influences and reciprocal interpersonal patterns have been posited to influence the interactants as they resolve, negotiate or disintegrate the interpersonal situation

41
Q

field concept in the theorem of reciprocal emotions (Sullivan)

A

integration in an interpersonal situation is a process in which (1) complementary needs are resolved (or aggravated); (2) reciprocal patterns of activity are developed (or disintegrated); and (3) foresight of satisfaction (or rebuff) of similar needs is facilitated.

42
Q

principle of reciprocal interpersonal relations (leary)

A

interpersonal reflexes tend (with a probability greater than chance) to initiate or invite reciprocal interpersonal responses from the “other” person in the interaction that lead to a repetition of the original reflex.

43
Q

interpersonal complementarity

A

occurs when there is a match between the field-regulatory goals of each person . That is, reciprocal patterns of activity evolve where the agentic and communal needs of both persons are met in the interpersonal situation, leading to stability and likely recurrence of the pattern

44
Q

accomplementary pattern

A

when reciprocal interpersonal patterns meet one of the two rules of complementarity

45
Q

anticomplementary pattern

A

when interactants exhibit neither reciprocity on dominance nor correspondence on nurturance, anticomplementary patterns are the most unstable and lead to avoidance, escape, and disintegration of the interpersonal situation (i.e., disrupted interpersonal relations)

46
Q

sullivan : personification of the self

A

to be a dynamism that is built up from the positive reflected appraisals of significant others allowing for relatively anxiety-free functioning and high levels of felt security and self-esteem

47
Q

dual factor model of fb use

A

the need to belong, the need for self-presentation

48
Q

sociometer

A

monitor of one’s acceptability to the group

49
Q

idealized-virtual identity hypothesis

A

as an online entity, fb leaves itself open to the possibility that its users display their idealised, rather than accurate, selves through their profiles

50
Q

emotional processing theory

A

suggest that traumatic events are not processed emotionally at the time of the event. fear is represented in memory as a cognitive structure that includes representations of the feared stimuli, fear responses and the meaning associated with the stimuli and responses to the stimuli

51
Q

cognitive processing therapy

A

assumes that following a traumatic event, survivors attempt to make sense of what happened often time leading to distorted cognitions regarding themselves, the world and others

52
Q

cognitive restructuring

A

focuses on teaching patients to identify dysfunctional thoughts and thinking errors, elicit rational alternative thoughts, and reappraise beliefs about themselves, the trauma and the world

53
Q

working memory theory EMDR

A

long term memory (stable), working memory (labile and limited capacity), room for modifying (softening) memory through distraction (eye movements), reconsolidation modified memory into long term memory

54
Q

imaginal exposure

A

may promote the connection of previously unconnected traumatic memories into autobiographical memory, thereby reducing the probability that these memories are involuntarily activated

55
Q

imagination inflation

A

when a suspect or witness has visualised a scenario several times, the level of vividness and credibility of the original memory change, meaning that imagination inflation affects the next recall

56
Q

mental defeat

A

correlate of chronic ptsd and poor response to exposure treatment . refers to the perceived loss of all psychological autonomy, accompanied by the sense of not being human any longer

57
Q

ptsd dsm 5 criteria

A

Criterion A: stressor
Criterion B: intrusion symptoms
Criterion C: avoidance
Criterion D: negative alterations in cognitions and mood
Criterion E: alterations in arousal and reactivity
Criterion F: duration (required)
Criterion G: functional significance (required)
Criterion H: exclusion (required

58
Q

change in meaning process

A

individuals who witness horrific events as part of their profession. some of the stimuli that are particularly potent reminders of the traumatic event were not available until some time afterwards

59
Q

exposure to potent reminders procdess

A

individuals who are hospitalised for severe injuries after motor vehicle accidents. more focussed on the aftermath than on the event that caused injuries

60
Q

integrating tendencies

A

individuals express this which bring them together in the mutual pursuit of satisfactions (generally a large class of biological grounded needs), security(anxiety free functioning), and self esteem

61
Q

personality abnormality

A

reflected in broad range of proximal interpersonal situations that elicit anxiety, threaten self-esteem, and disrupt interpersonal relations

62
Q

extremity

A

reflects a person’s deviance from a normative position on a particular dimension, and is represented, geometrically, by a person’s (or, literally, the behavior’s) distance from the origin of the circle

63
Q

rigidity

A

summary of his or her limited reportoires across various interpersonal situations

64
Q

mental scripts

A

working models of self and others, the heart of attachment styles, also include procedural knowledge about how social interactions unfold and how one can best handle stress and distress

65
Q

secure

A

worth loving .high self-esteem & trust others

66
Q

dismissing

A

worth loving / high self-esteem & mistrust others

67
Q

preoccupied

A

not worth loving / low self esteem & trust others

68
Q

fearful

A

not worth loving/ low self-esteem & mistrust others

69
Q

double mediation model

A

involves (a) cognitive-motivational pre- dispositions (interpersonal goals, beliefs about self and others, and mental scripts) that influence behavior during interpersonal encounters and (b) patterns of information processing during such encounters

70
Q

peritraumatic

A

reactions during the trauma

71
Q

data driven

A

If the individual lacks conceptual processing and engages mainly in data-driven processing (i.e. processing the sensory impressions), then the trauma memory will be relatively di􏱻cult to retrieve intentionally and at the same time there will be relatively strong perceptual priming for accompanying stimuli,

72
Q

cognitive model of ptsd

A

It is suggested that PTSD becomes persistent when individuals process the trauma in a way that leads to a sense of serious, current threat. The sense of threat arises as a consequence of: (1) excessively negative appraisals of the trauma and/or its sequelae and (2) a disturbance of autobiographical memory characterised by poor elaboration and contextualisation, strong associative memory and strong perceptual priming

73
Q

perceptual priming

A

vage physical similarity sufficient in perceiving stimuli similar to those occurring in the traumatic situation (poor stimulus discrimination)

74
Q

conceptual processing

A

processing the meaning of the situation, processing it in an organized way and placing it into context

75
Q

default true value

A

During a traumatic event, individuals may not have enough cognitive capacity to decide that some very threatening aspects of the trauma are not true.

psychology year 3 (12 decks)

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