Clinical Laboratory Flashcards
facility that is involved in the (a) pre-analytical, (b) analytical, (c.) and post-analytical procedures
Clinical laboratory
Clinical laboratory is where tests are done on specimens from the human bodv to obtain information about the health satus of a patient for the (3) of diseases.
pdt
prevention, diagnosis, and treatment
These rules and regulations shall serve as new guidelines in the licensing of diagnostic clinical laboratories.
(A.O. 2021-0037)
____of all medical decisions are based on laboratory results (______)
70%
Silverstein, 2003
PURPOSE of Clin lab (5)
• Detect disease or predisposition to disease
• Cofirm or reject a diagnosis
• Establish prognosis
• Guide patient management
• Monitor efficacy of therapy
To successfully achieve its goal, a laboratory must use:
• Medical, scientific, and technical expertise
• Resources (Personnel, laboratory, and data processing equipment, supplies, and facilities)
• Organization, management and communication skills
LABORATORY DEPARTMENTS
IMM CHHHUB
• Hematology
• Hemostasis and Coagulation
• Urinalysis
• Clinical Chemistry
• Blood Bank and Transfusion Services
• Immunology-Serology
• Molecular Diagnostics
• Microbiology
• Histopathology and Cytology
GOAL OF THE LABORATORY
QUALITY SERVICES
GOAL OF THE LABORATORY
- QUALITY
• Safe, comfortable phlebotomy experiences provided to all patients
• Properly collected and labeled specimens provided for testing
• Informative and helpful consultations and answers to questions
• Timely, accurate test results and reports provided to physicians and other healthcare personnel
Transforms a test order into a results report
THE LABORATORY WORKFLOW
THE LABORATORY WORKFLOW (5)
- Clinician/doctor ordering a test
- Sample collection, transport, receiving, and accessioning
- Testing and review
- Report preparation and report delivery
- Accurate test results and interpretation back to the physician
T or F
The laboratory does not perform or control some of the processes in the workflow
True
• Test ordering may be done by other…
authorized health professionals
T or F
The laboratory does not collect all samples to be tested or examined
True
Correct performance of all activities in the_____ is a MUST, whether or not the laboratory has control over them
workflow
Laboratory services:
From POCT (Point-of-care testing) to Highly sophisticated lab tests
•______ has added a level of transparency
Internet access
• Functional design of the lab
Before:
discrete or separate lab sections
• Functional design of the lab
Current:
• Single testing platform (Single analyzer)
• Workcell (2 or more linked instruments)
• Total laboratory automation (preanalytical to postanalytical)
• Regionalization
• A single, core lab provides high volume, routine testing
• One or more other labs perform highly specialized functions
HUB AND SPOKE MODEL
HUB AND SPOKE MODEL
Core: commonly used machines/ tests
Surroundings: highly specialized functions
LABORATORY PLANNING AND DESIGN
Location
Privacy
Conformance with building laws
Ventilation
Spaces required
LOCATION: situated in an area that is…
accessible both to clients and staff
• PRIVACY: provide audible and visual privacy to clients from…
specimen collection to releasing of results
•________: planning and design, construction, renovation, maintenance, and repair of facilities
Conformance with building laws
National Building Code
PD 1096
• VENTILATION: Acceptable air changes per hour
4-12
CBC at least 5
CBC: at hat 6
• SPACES REQUIRED
• General Administrative Services and
Public Areas
• Clinical Working Area
• Support Services Area
GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES AND PUBLIC AREAS
Business area
Collection area
Toilet facilities
Reception area for information and business transactions, receiving of specimen, and releasing of results
Waiting area for clients
Business Area
May be within the premises or adjacent to the laboratory
Conveniently accessible toilet to the public
Separate toilet for the staff
Toilet facilities
Toilet facilities
May be within the premises or adjacent to the laboratory
Conveniently accessible toilet to the public
Separate toilet for the staff
Sufficient to accomodate its activities and allow for smooth and coordinated workflow
Sufficient and appropriate storage and conditions provided for laboratory specimens, documents. records, manuals, equipment, reagents, supplies, slides and tissue blocks
CLINICAL WORKING AREA
CLINICAL WORKING AREA
Sufficient to accomodate its activities and allow for smooth and coordinated_____
Sufficient and appropriate______ provided for laboratory specimens, documents, records, manuals, equipment, reagents, supplies, slides and tissue blocks
workflow
storage and conditions
Sufficient storage for records and supplies
Sterilization room/area
Waste holding area
Staff pantry
Other spaces for staff such as offices, conference room, lockers, and changing room are optional
SUPPORT SERVICES AREA
SUPPORT SERVICES AREA
Sufficient storage for records and supplies
Sterilization room/area
Waste holding area
Staff pantry
Other spaces for staff such as offices, conference room, lockers, and changing room are optional
Collection area for blood extraction shall provided (3) appropriate for its activity performed
With work counter/tray, space for patient seating, and handwashing stations
space, equipment, and furniture
Specimen collection area for urine/stool
May be located… (3)
outside the main clinical laboratory
a designated cubicle in a toilet facility
a dedicated toilet solely for specimen collection
may be a separate room or cubicle
Located adjacent to or within the clinical working area for easy access to the clinical working area of the laboratory
• Pathologist’s area
Entrance to the clinical working area must not be…
______ at the entry and exit points of the clinical working area is required
not be in high traffic areas
Handwashing areas
• Sections of the laboratorv shall be provided with a______ with a depth of at least_____ and a______
stainless steel sink
8 inches
gooseneck faucet
Each section of the laboratory shall be properly identified
Separate rooms are required for
Histopathology
Microbiology
Molecular Pathology
Toilets and other staff amenities:
outside the clinical working area
away from areas with fluctuating air supply
Biosafety cabinets and isolation hoods
Biosafety cabinets and isolation hoods:
away from areas with fluctuating air supply
• Fire safety: conform to…
R.A. 9514 (Fire Code of the Philippines)
Fire exit
No more than_____ from the clinical working area to any exit door
23 meters
Lighting:
no exposed or dangling wires, no unwanted glare
With convenient outlets
Ventilation
Artificial air conditioning shall be provided to attain_____ requirements
Exhaust fans in the clinical working area with dedicated exhaust fans for (2)
HVAC
Histopathology and Microbiology
Ventilation
Directed_____; air must not____, airflow must be from______
outside
recirculate
clean to less clean areas
MATERIAL SPECIFICAITON
Wall and partition:
structurally sound, safe, and sturdy
Flooring:
Seamless and_____ to a height of 6 inches towards to the wall
durable, readily cleanable, and wear-resistant
self-coving
Work counters: preferred width is_____
Should not support…..
30 inches
bacterial growth
durable
non-porous
smooth and easy to clean
stain and dirt resistant
Doors: no door shall be less than 800 mm;
preferably_____
Main door: at least 900 mm
Rooms/sections with large instruments/equipment: minimum width of 900 mm
self-closing
