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Clinical Laboratory Flashcards

1
Q

facility that is involved in the (a) pre-analytical, (b) analytical, (c.) and post-analytical procedures

A

Clinical laboratory

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2
Q

Clinical laboratory is where tests are done on specimens from the human bodv to obtain information about the health satus of a patient for the (3) of diseases.

pdt

A

prevention, diagnosis, and treatment

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3
Q

These rules and regulations shall serve as new guidelines in the licensing of diagnostic clinical laboratories.

A

(A.O. 2021-0037)

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4
Q

____of all medical decisions are based on laboratory results (______)

A

70%

Silverstein, 2003

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5
Q

PURPOSE of Clin lab (5)

A

• Detect disease or predisposition to disease
• Cofirm or reject a diagnosis
• Establish prognosis
• Guide patient management
• Monitor efficacy of therapy

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6
Q

To successfully achieve its goal, a laboratory must use:

A

• Medical, scientific, and technical expertise
• Resources (Personnel, laboratory, and data processing equipment, supplies, and facilities)
• Organization, management and communication skills

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7
Q

LABORATORY DEPARTMENTS
IMM CHHHUB

A

• Hematology
• Hemostasis and Coagulation
• Urinalysis
• Clinical Chemistry
• Blood Bank and Transfusion Services
• Immunology-Serology
• Molecular Diagnostics
• Microbiology
• Histopathology and Cytology

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8
Q

GOAL OF THE LABORATORY

A

QUALITY SERVICES

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9
Q

GOAL OF THE LABORATORY
- QUALITY

A

• Safe, comfortable phlebotomy experiences provided to all patients

• Properly collected and labeled specimens provided for testing

• Informative and helpful consultations and answers to questions

• Timely, accurate test results and reports provided to physicians and other healthcare personnel

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10
Q

Transforms a test order into a results report

A

THE LABORATORY WORKFLOW

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11
Q

THE LABORATORY WORKFLOW (5)

A
  1. Clinician/doctor ordering a test
  2. Sample collection, transport, receiving, and accessioning
  3. Testing and review
  4. Report preparation and report delivery
  5. Accurate test results and interpretation back to the physician
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12
Q

T or F

The laboratory does not perform or control some of the processes in the workflow

A

True

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13
Q

• Test ordering may be done by other…

A

authorized health professionals

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14
Q

T or F

The laboratory does not collect all samples to be tested or examined

A

True

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15
Q

Correct performance of all activities in the_____ is a MUST, whether or not the laboratory has control over them

A

workflow

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16
Q

Laboratory services:

A

From POCT (Point-of-care testing) to Highly sophisticated lab tests

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17
Q

•______ has added a level of transparency

A

Internet access

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18
Q

• Functional design of the lab

Before:

A

discrete or separate lab sections

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19
Q

• Functional design of the lab

Current:

A

• Single testing platform (Single analyzer)
• Workcell (2 or more linked instruments)
• Total laboratory automation (preanalytical to postanalytical)

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20
Q

• Regionalization
• A single, core lab provides high volume, routine testing
• One or more other labs perform highly specialized functions

A

HUB AND SPOKE MODEL

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21
Q

HUB AND SPOKE MODEL

A

Core: commonly used machines/ tests
Surroundings: highly specialized functions

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22
Q

LABORATORY PLANNING AND DESIGN

A

Location
Privacy
Conformance with building laws
Ventilation
Spaces required

23
Q

LOCATION: situated in an area that is…

A

accessible both to clients and staff

24
Q

• PRIVACY: provide audible and visual privacy to clients from…

A

specimen collection to releasing of results

25
•________: planning and design, construction, renovation, maintenance, and repair of facilities
Conformance with building laws
26
National Building Code
PD 1096
27
• VENTILATION: Acceptable air changes per hour
4-12 CBC at least 5
28
CBC: at hat 6 • SPACES REQUIRED
• General Administrative Services and Public Areas • Clinical Working Area • Support Services Area
29
GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES AND PUBLIC AREAS
Business area Collection area Toilet facilities
30
Reception area for information and business transactions, receiving of specimen, and releasing of results Waiting area for clients
Business Area
31
May be within the premises or adjacent to the laboratory Conveniently accessible toilet to the public Separate toilet for the staff
Toilet facilities
32
Toilet facilities
May be within the premises or adjacent to the laboratory Conveniently accessible toilet to the public Separate toilet for the staff
33
Sufficient to accomodate its activities and allow for smooth and coordinated workflow Sufficient and appropriate storage and conditions provided for laboratory specimens, documents. records, manuals, equipment, reagents, supplies, slides and tissue blocks
CLINICAL WORKING AREA
34
CLINICAL WORKING AREA Sufficient to accomodate its activities and allow for smooth and coordinated_____ Sufficient and appropriate______ provided for laboratory specimens, documents, records, manuals, equipment, reagents, supplies, slides and tissue blocks
workflow storage and conditions
35
Sufficient storage for records and supplies Sterilization room/area Waste holding area Staff pantry Other spaces for staff such as offices, conference room, lockers, and changing room are optional
SUPPORT SERVICES AREA
36
SUPPORT SERVICES AREA
Sufficient storage for records and supplies Sterilization room/area Waste holding area Staff pantry Other spaces for staff such as offices, conference room, lockers, and changing room are optional
37
Collection area for blood extraction shall provided (3) appropriate for its activity performed With work counter/tray, space for patient seating, and handwashing stations
space, equipment, and furniture
38
Specimen collection area for urine/stool May be located… (3)
outside the main clinical laboratory a designated cubicle in a toilet facility a dedicated toilet solely for specimen collection
39
may be a separate room or cubicle Located adjacent to or within the clinical working area for easy access to the clinical working area of the laboratory
• Pathologist's area
40
Entrance to the clinical working area must not be… ______ at the entry and exit points of the clinical working area is required
not be in high traffic areas Handwashing areas
41
• Sections of the laboratorv shall be provided with a______ with a depth of at least_____ and a______
stainless steel sink 8 inches gooseneck faucet
42
Each section of the laboratory shall be properly identified Separate rooms are required for
Histopathology Microbiology Molecular Pathology
43
Toilets and other staff amenities:
outside the clinical working area
44
away from areas with fluctuating air supply
Biosafety cabinets and isolation hoods
45
Biosafety cabinets and isolation hoods:
away from areas with fluctuating air supply
46
• Fire safety: conform to…
R.A. 9514 (Fire Code of the Philippines)
47
Fire exit No more than_____ from the clinical working area to any exit door
23 meters
48
Lighting:
no exposed or dangling wires, no unwanted glare With convenient outlets
49
Ventilation Artificial air conditioning shall be provided to attain_____ requirements Exhaust fans in the clinical working area with dedicated exhaust fans for (2)
HVAC Histopathology and Microbiology
50
Ventilation Directed_____; air must not____, airflow must be from______
outside recirculate clean to less clean areas
51
MATERIAL SPECIFICAITON Wall and partition:
structurally sound, safe, and sturdy
52
Flooring: Seamless and_____ to a height of 6 inches towards to the wall
durable, readily cleanable, and wear-resistant self-coving
53
Work counters: preferred width is_____ Should not support…..
30 inches bacterial growth durable non-porous smooth and easy to clean stain and dirt resistant
54
Doors: no door shall be less than 800 mm; preferably_____ Main door: at least 900 mm Rooms/sections with large instruments/equipment: minimum width of 900 mm
self-closing

Lab Management (18 decks)

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