Classification of Pathogenic Bacteria

Question 1

Bacteria

Answer 1

Single-cell prokaryotes (mircoorganisms)

Question 2

Bacteria mostly reproduce by…

Answer 2

Binary fission

Question 3

Gram Staining provides an early indication of…

Answer 3

the genus if bacteria that may be causing infection

Question 4

Aerobic gram positive cocci

Answer 4

Staphylcocci (clusters)

Streptococci and enterococci (chains)

Question 5

Coagulase Test (example of positive)

Answer 5

Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA/MRSA)

Question 6

Staphylococci

Staphylococcus Aureus

Answer 6

A MAJOR human pathogen!

Wide range of diseases - boils/ abscesses and soft tissue infections

Question 7

Staphylococcus Aureus is normally resistant to

Answer 7

Penecillin (due to production of penecillinase)

Question 8

MRSA

Answer 8

Methicillin Resistant Staph Aureus

Question 9

Coagulase negative staphylococci (example)

Answer 9

S.Lugdunensis

Question 10

alpha (partial) haemolytic streptococci turns blood agar…

Answer 10

green

Question 11

beta (complete) haemolytic turns blood agar…

Answer 11

clear

Question 12

Streptococcus pneumonia

Answer 12

pneumonia, meningitis, septicaemia

Question 13

Alpha-haemolytic streptococci

Answer 13

strepto pneumonia

Question 14

beta-haemolytic streptococci

Answer 14

identified by carbohydrate surface antigens (groups A-G)

Question 15

Group A Streptococci

Answer 15

Streptococcus pyogenes (major pathogen)

Question 16

Group B Streptococci

Answer 16

Streptococcus agalactiae

Question 17

Group D

Answer 17

Enterococcus

Question 18

Clostridium Difficile

Answer 18

‘Difficult’ to culture

Main cause of diarrhoea in patients

Question 19

Clostridium perfringens

Answer 19

Found in soil and normal commensal in human and animal gut feaces

Question 20

Clostridium tetani

Answer 20

Toxin produced by C-tetani cause tetanus

Question 21

Clostridium Botulinum

Answer 21

source of botox

Question 22

Bacillus anthracis

Answer 22

cause of anthrax

Question 23

Campylobactor

Answer 23

Most common cause of diarrhoea in the UK

Question 24

Helicobacter pylori

Answer 24

Curved rods
Natural habitat is the human stomach

Damages mucosa and causes ulcers

Question 25

Gram negative orgamisms stain…..

Answer 25

PINK

Question 26

Gram positive organisms stain…

Answer 26

PURPLE

Question 27

Common Gram negative bacteria

Answer 27

E coli

Salmonella

Campylobacter

Pseudomonas

Helicobacter pylori

Haemophilus influenza

Bacteriodes

Question 28

laboratory identification of mycobacteria

Answer 28

Auramine (screening)

Culture required for full idea

Growth in 2 - 4 weeks

Question 29

Tuberculosis

Answer 29

Linked to HIV

caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 30

Leprosy

Answer 30

Mycobacterium Leprae - cannot be cultured

Attacks peripheral nerves

Question 31

Spirochaetes

Answer 31

Long- spiral shaped bacteria

Not easily visualised by light microscopy

Very difficult to culture

Common spirochaete diseases

Shyphilis
Lyme disease
Leptospirosis

Question 32

Syphilis

Answer 32

PRIMARY:
Non-painful skin lesion at the site of infection

SECONDARY
Generalised systemic illness and rash

LATENT
symptomatic episodes may occur

TERTIARY
central nervous system

congenital syphilis - still birth, neonatal death or disease

Question 33

Lyme Disease

Answer 33

Transmitted by ticks

Stage 1: Skin rash appears at the site of tick bite

Stage 2: systemic illness occurs in some patients weeks or months later when they suffer from cardiac or neurological symptoms

Stage 3:
Chronic disease, occurring years later when they have chronic skin, NS and joint abnormalities

Question 34

Chlamydia

Answer 34

Opthalmic and genital tract infection

intracellular bacteria

most common sexually transmitted disease in the UK

Question 35

bacteria are broadly classified according to morphology under the microscope….

Answer 35

Cocci - round

Bacilli - rod-shaped